Uticaj protetske rehabilitacije na kvalitet života povezan sa oralnim zdravljem pripadnika Vojske Srbije
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Mada se protetskom rehabilitacijom obnavlja strukturni integritet stomatognatog sistema, njen uticaj na kvalitet života povezan sa oralnim zdravljem (health–related quality of life – OHRQoL) pacijenata još uvek nije dovoljno ispitan, posebno u vojnoj populaciji. Cilj rada bio je da se proceni povezanost između tipa protetske rehabilitacije i OHRQoL, sa posebnim naglaskom na funkcionalne, esteteske i psihosocijalne dimenzije, kao i da se ispita odnos tih nalaza sa objektivnim pokazateljima oralnog zdravlja. Metode. Sprovedena je studija preseka kako bi se procenili ishodi koje prijavljuju sami ispitanici korišćenjem upitnika Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). U istraživanje su bili uključeni pripadnici stalnog sastava Vojske Srbije sa prirodnom denticijom, kao i pripadnici sa prisustvom fiksnih ili mobilnih zubnih nadoknada. Status zuba je procenjivan kroz sveobuhvatne kliničke preglede koje su sprovodila dva iskusna ispitivača. Biološki parametri obuhvatili su indeks aktivnosti karijesa (Caries Activity Factor – CAF), parodontalni indeks potreba za tretmanom (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs – CPITN), plak indeks (plaque index – PI) i gingivalni indeks (GI). Hronična sistemska bolest je zabeležena i uključena kao kovarijata u analizama. Neparametrijski statistički testovi i multivarijantna regresiona analiza korišćeni su za identifikaciju nezavisnih prediktora OHRQoL. Rezultati. Učesnici sa zubnim nadoknadama imali su značajno više skorove upitnika OHIP-14 od učesnika sa prirodnim zubima (p < 0,0001). Nisu primećene značajne razlike između fiksnih i mobilnih zubnih nadoknada u ukupnim rezultatima na OHIP-14 skali, osim u domenu funkcionalnih ograničenja, u kom je pokazana merljiva prednost fiksnih nadoknada. Multivarijabilnom analizom kao nezavisni prediktori OHRQoL identifikovani su oralni status, indeksi CAF i CPITN, kao i prisustvo hroničnih sistemskih oboljenja, dok PI, GI i starost nisu pokazali statističku značajnost nakon prilagođavanja modela. Zaključak. Prema rezultatima ovog istraživanja, protetska rehabilitacija je povezana sa boljim funkcionalnim ishodima, ali nije u potpunosti umanjila psihosocijalno opterećenje povezano sa gubitkom zuba. Težina bioloških oralnih oboljenja i opšte zdravstveno stanje bili su značajni prediktori OHRQoL, što ukazuje na to da ti faktori mogu uticati na ukupni kvalitet života.
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