Razvoj i preliminarna psihometrijska procena Skale percepcije psihološke bezbednosti: opservaciona studija među farmaceutima u javnim apotekama
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Merenje psihološke bezbednosti na radnom mestu od ključnog je značaja za stvaranje okruženja u kojem se pojedinci osećaju sigurno da izraze svoje mišljenje, što unapređuje optimalnu negu pacijenata. Cilj rada bio je razvoj pouzdane i sažete skale sa preliminarnim psihometrijskim svojstvima za merenje psihološke bezbednosti u apotekama. Metode. Nakon razvoja skale procenom validnosti sadržaja i procenom pojavne (face) validnosti, sprovedena je studija preseka u kojoj su prikupljeni podaci od 216 farmaceuta zaposlenih u apotekama. Postupak test-retest je potom sproveden kod 32 farmaceuta na početku ispitivanja i posle tri meseca, da bi se procenila stabilnost skale tokom vremena. Za procenu pouzdanosti, konstruktivne validnosti i stabilnosti, korišćene su eksploratorna faktorska analiza (exploratory factor analysis – EFA), konfirmatorna faktorska analiza (confirmatory factor analysis – CFA), Wilcoxon-ov test ranga i Spirmanov koeficijent korelacije (ρ). Rezultati. Skala je razvijana kroz mnogobrojne revizije verzija 1 (32 stavke), verzija 2 (26 stavki) i verzija 3 (15 stavki), pri čemu su sve pokazale visoku validnost sadržaja i pojavnu validnost (indeksi > 0,80) i internu konzistentnost (Cronbach-ov koeficijent alfa = 0,92). Verzija 4 (10 stavki) uspostavljena je putem CFA, na osnovu koje je predloženo isključivanje određenih stavki, čime su postignuti odlična pouzdanost (Cronbach-ov koeficijent alfa = 0,89) i parametri uklapanja: χ2(35) = 65,81; p < 0,001; goodness of fit index – GFI = 0,94; comparative fit index – CFI = 0,97; Tucker-Lewis index – TLI = 0,96; root mean square error of approximation – RMSEA = 0,064; standardized root mean squared residual – SRMR = 0,040. Tokom psihometrijske procene, EFA je pokazala jednofaktorsku strukturu, pri čemu je primarna komponenta objašnjavala skoro 50% varijanse. Wilcoxon-ovim testom rangova nije pokazana značajna razlika između prosečnih rezultata na početku [srednja vrednost = 50,72, standardna devijacija (SD) = 12,93] i posle tri meseca (srednja vrednost = 50,69, SD = 12,59). Pored toga, koeficijentom Spirmanove korelacije pokazana je jaka povezanost između početnih i tromesečnih rezultata (ρ = 0,994; p < 0,001). Zaključak. Rezultati ukazuju na obećavajuća preliminarna psihometrijska svojstva, što podržava korišćenje razvijene skale za procenu percepcije psihološke bezbednosti u javnim apotekama. Međutim, neophodna je dodatna validacija, uključujući testiranje kriterijumske, konvergentne i diskriminativne validnosti.
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