Psihološki i duhovni aspekti kvaliteta života bolesnika sa kolostomom
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj: Kolorektalni karcinom negativno utiče na kvalitet života obolelih i važan je parametar ishoda lečenja bolesnika sa dijagnozom malignih bolesti. Cilj istraživanja bio je procena psiholoških i duhovnih aspekata kvaliteta života bolesnika sa kolostomom u odnosu na njihov pol i starost. Metode. Istraživanjem je bilo obuhvaćeno 67 bolesnika oba pola, koji su nakon operativnog zahvata na kolonu sa izvedenom kolostomom, ambulantno praćeni u Specijalističkoj poliklinici Kliničkog centra Vojvodine. Za potrebe istraživanja korišćen je Upitnik za procenu kvaliteta života pacijenata sa kolostomom [Quality of Life Questionnaire for a Patient with an Ostomy (QOL-O)]. Rezultati. Starost ispitanika iznosila je 36–86 godina. Većinu ispitanika činili su muškarci (50,7%). Većina ispitanika nije imala poteškoća kod adaptacije na stomu; najteže im je bilo da gledaju stomu, a imali su i osećaj depresije i anksioznosti. Mlađim ispitanicima je bilo teže da neguju svoju stomu (p < 0.05). Ispitanici su uglavnom bili zadovoljni sposobnošću pamćenja i osećanjem kontrole. Najviše ocene kod pozitivnog aspekta psihološke dimenzije kvaliteta života uočene su u mlađim dobnim grupama (p < 0.05). Prosečna ocena spiritualne dimenzije kvaliteta života (6,47 ± 3,01) bila je niža u odnosu na prosečnu ocenu psihološke komponente (7,76 ± 2,35), bez značajnih razlika u odnosu na pol (t = -0.738, df = 65, p = 0.463) ili starost (F = 1.307, p = 0.280). Zaključak. Mada su samoprocenom psihološke i duhovne komponente kvaliteta života ispitanika dobijeni zadovoljavajući rezultati, neophodno je obezbediti specifičnu podršku u cilju prevencije i otklanjanja negativnih reakcija na stomu bolesnika sa kolostomom.
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