Faktori rizika i prevalencija anoreksije nervoze među studentkinjama u Srbiji
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Rasprostranjenost simptoma anoreksije nervoze (AN) među mladim ženama zahteva skretanje pažnje stručnjaka na ovaj problem u Srbiji. U prethodnim istraživanjima anoreksije nervoze, nesigurni stilovi afektivnog vezivanja, perfekcionizam i zabrinutost povodom oblika tela, identifikovani su kao značajni faktori rizika. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se identifikuje prevalencija AN među studentkinjama i ispita značaj navedenih faktora za razvoj AN. Metode. Upitnik stavova o ishrani (Eating Attitudes Test – EAT-40), Skala iskustava u bliskim emocionalnim odnosima (Experiences in Close Relationships Scale –ECR), Multidimenzionalna skala perfekcionizma (Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale – FMPS) i Upitnik doživljaja oblika tela (Body Shape Questionnaire – BSQ), primenjeni su na grupi od 500 studentkinja Univerziteta u Beogradu, izabranih metodom slučajnog izbora, prosečnog uzrasta 22,44 godine (min 18, max 35). Takođe, računat je i indeks telesne mase (Body mass index – BMI). Rezultati. Premda je 38 (7,6%) studentkinja ispoljavalo simptome anoreksije nervoze (EAT > 30), a 13 (2,6%) imalo indeks telesne mase koji upozorava na sindrom poremećaja (BMI ≤ 17,50 kg/m2), samo je jedna (0,2%) studentkinja ispunjavala oba kriterijuma (EAT > 30, BMI = 15,64 kg/m2). Većina studentkinja (60,4%) imala je neki od nesigurnih stilova afektivnog vezivanja. Postoji značajan efekat stilova afektivnog vezivanja na izraženost simptoma anoreksije nervoze: studentkinje koje imaju neki od nesigurnih stilova afektivnog vezivanja imaju značajno veći prosečni skor na upitniku EAT u poređenju sa onima sa sigurnim stilom (F = 7,873; p < 0,01). Postoji pozitivna korelacija između skorova na upitnicima EAT i FMPS (r = 0,217; p < 0,01), i EAT i BSQ (r = 0,388; p < 0,01). Zaključak. Prevalencija AN među studentkinjama iznosi 0,2%. Rezultati ukazuju na značaj nesigurnih stilova afektivnog vezivanja, perfekcionizma i zabrinutosti povodom oblika tela kao faktora rizika. Prevencija AN u ovoj subpopulaciji treba da se usmeri na izradu internet terapije i specijalizovanih savetovališta sa specifičnim programima usmerenim na veštine regulacije emocija tehnikama pune svesnosti, prihvatanja i posvećenosti, kao i specifičnih kognitivno-bihejvioralnih tehnika.
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