Faktori koji doprinose razvoju komunikacijskih veština kod dece sa kohlearnim implantatima
Sažetak
Uvod/cilj. U poslednjih 10 godina, kohlearna implantacija (KI) urađena je kod oko 300 osoba u Srbiji, od kojih 90% čine deca ispod 10 godina. Program KI praćen je odgovarajućom rehabilitacijom u kojoj se koristi saznajni, integrativni i razvojni metod. Ovo istraživanje ispitivalo je faktore koji doprinose razvoju komunikacijske veštine (KV) kod dece posle KI. Posebno smo ispitivali doprinos dužine i intenziteta procesa rehabilitacije i slušnog uzrasta razvoju ovih sposobnosti. Metode. Ispitali smo 30 KI dece (13 dečaka i 17 devojčica) uzrasta od 2 do 5 godina. Sva deca bila su prosečnih intelektualnih sposobnosti, bez udruženih smetnji u razvoju, živela su u porodičnom okruženju, a bila su uključena u program rehabilitacije od 2 do 5 puta nedeljno. Instrument u ovom istraživanju bio je Functioning after Pediatric Cochlear Implantation (FAPCI) upitnik za roditelje/staratelje. Rezultati. Poređenje rezultata KI ispitanika dobijenih FAPCI upitnikom sa normativima uspostavljenim za decu bez implantata pokazuju da razvoj njihovih komunikativnih veština (communication performance – CP) u proseku kasni 18,6 meseci. Među ispitanom decom nisu utvrđene statistički značajne polne razlike u CP, a one nisu zabeležene ni s obzirom na razliku u aberacijama u odnosu na uzrast u CP skoru (F(1, 28) = 0.114; p = 0.738). Rezultati korelacione analize pokazuju da je postignuće na FAPCI statistički značajno povezano sa slušnim uzrastom i dužinom trajanja rehabilitacije. Rezultati regresione analize stepwise izdvajaju slušni uzrast kao jedini značajan prediktor ukupnog skora na FAPCI upitniku, a vrednost prilagođenog R2 pokazuje da se njime objašnjava oko 32% razlika u komunikacijskim veštinama ispitanika. Zaključak. Slušni uzrast, trajanje i intenzitet rehabilitacije pozitivno doprinose razvoju komunikativnih veština kod KI dece, dok kašnjenje u uspostavljanju dijagnoze i sprovođenju KI ometa ovaj aspekt razvoja.
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