Razlike u polu kod samoubistava u Srbiji u periodu 2006–2010
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Kompleksna multifaktorska etiologija suicida ukazuje na potrebu da se utvrde polne razlike u suicidu kako bi se primenila efikasna strategija za prevenciju suicida. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrđivanje stope suicida, kako za populaciju u celini, tako i prema polnim razlikama, i utvrđivanje faktora povezanih sa suicidom (godine života, obrazovni nivo, zaposlenost, bračno stanje, nacionalnost, metode suicida) izvršenog u Srbiji u periodu od 2006. do 2010. godine. Metode. Podaci za istraživanje dobijeni su od Republičkog zavoda za statistiku Srbije. Klasifikacija podataka koji se odnose na metod suicida utvrđeni su na osnovu ICD-X code, WHO 1992 (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health problems, 10th revision, World Health Organization). Statistička analiza rađena je korišćenjem sirovih podataka stope suicida. Rezultati. U periodu od 2006. do 2010. godine u Srbiji je izvršeno ukupno 6 673 suicida, od toga su 71,9% bili muškarci i 28,1% žene. Prosečna stopa suicida iznosila je 18,15 na 100 000 osoba, odnosno 26,85 na 100 000 za muškarce i 9,92 na 100 000 za žene. Muškarci su češće izvršavali suicid od žena (odnos 2,56 : 1). Suicid su najčešće izvršavali oženjeni muškarci i udate žene, sa srednjim obrazovanjem, penzioneri, srpske nacionalnosti. Stopa suicida u Srbiji rasla je sa godinama života suicidanata i najveća je bila kod osoba oba pola starijih od 75 godina. Najčešći metod suicida kod muškaraca (62,78%) i žena (58,38%) bilo je vešanje i davljenje. Kod muškaraca na drugom mestu bilo je vatreno oružje (18,65%), a kod žena trovanje čvrstim i tečnim supstancama (19,26%). Zaključak. Program prevencije suicida trebalo bi da bude usmeren prvenstveno na mušku populaciju koja je u periodu tranzicije više izložena stresu, ali je manje spremna da se obrati lekaru kad ima probleme vezane za mentalno zdravlje.
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