Uticaj industrijske buke povišenog spektra na sposobnost slušne percepcije kod radnika

Dobrivoje Mihailović; Nenad Djurić; Ivana Kovačević; Djordje Mihailović

doi:10.2298/VSP140416119M

Dobrivoje Mihailović Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Nenad Djurić General Affairs and Training Department, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia
Ivana Kovačević Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Djordje Mihailović High Technology School of Profesional Studies, Arandjelovac, Serbia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/VSP140416119M

Ključne reči: noice, occupational||, ||buka na radnom mestu, occupational exposure||, ||profesionalna izloženost, serbia||, ||srbija, hearing disorders||, ||sluh, poremećaji, auditory perceptual disorders||, ||slušna percepcija,

Sažetak

Uvod/Cilj. Rezultati ranijih studija govore u prilog ideji da mašine koje u proizvodnim halama prave buku različite frekvencije i jačine, mogu prouzrokovati slabljenje slušne sposobnosti radnika. Gubitak sluha prouzrokovan bukom jedno je od najrasprostranjenijih profesionalnih oboljenja. Buka je složeni fenomen, te je stoga potrebno u razmatranje uzeti više faktora, kao što su frekvencija, jačina i dužina izloženosti. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se proveri da li postoje razlike u apsolutnom slušnom pragu između zaposlenih koji su dugotrajno izloženi buci visokog spektra i onih koji su izloženi buci umerenog spektra, pri različitim frekvencijama zvuka. Metode. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo 308 zaposlenih u proizvodnom pogonu preduzeća „Knjaz Miloš“ u Aranđelovcu. Ukupno 205 zaposlenih radilo je u uslovima buke povišenog (4 000–8 000 Hz), dok je njih 103 radilo u uslovima buke standardnog spektra (31,5–2 000,0 Hz). Objektivne mere buke (frekvencije i amplitude) dobijene su pomoću fonometra, a mere apsolutnog slušnog praga za oba uha pomoću audiometra, pri izlaganju zvuku na devet nivoa frekvencija. Podaci su analizirani proverom statističke značajnosti razlika u pogledu apsolutnog praga draži za obe grupe, na svih devet frekventnih nivoa. Rezultati. Rezultati su pokazali da je apsolutni slušni prag značajno viši kod ispitanika izloženih buci višeg spektra i to na frekventnim nivoima od
4 000 i 8 000 Hz. Zaključak. Smanjenje čulne osetljivosti primetno je kod onih radnika koji su izloženi buci višeg spektra, što je naročito vidljivo pri merenjima na višim frekventnim opsezima. Zaposleni su često nesvesni ovih efekata jer su oni posledica dugotrajne izloženosti. Stoga se preporučuju preventivne mere i redovno audiometrijsko testiranje čula sluha.

Biografije autora

Dobrivoje Mihailović, Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

Menadzment ljudskih resursa, redovni profesor

Nenad Djurić, General Affairs and Training Department, Military Medical Academy, Belgrade, Serbia

Odsek za opste poslove i obuku

Ivana Kovačević, Faculty of Organizational Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

Menadzment ljudskih resursa, Docent

Djordje Mihailović, High Technology School of Profesional Studies, Arandjelovac, Serbia

direktor

Reference

Bell PA, Greene TG, Fisher JD, Baum A. Environmental psy-chology. 5th ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth; 2001.

Bonetti L, Jambrošić K. Haring loss as consequence of noise pol-lution: Multidsciplinary view of the problem and prevention options. 8th International Scientific Conference, Book of ab-stracts; Zagreb; 2012 September 27- 29. Zagreb: Faculty of Education and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Zagreb; 2012. p. 115−8. (Croatian)

Aluclu I, Dalgic A, Toprak ZF. A fuzzy logic-based model for noise control at industrial workplaces. Appl Ergon 2008; 39(3): 368−78.

Picard M, Girard SA, Simard M, Larocque R, Leroux T, Turcotte F. Association of work-related accidents with noise exposure in the workplace and noise-induced hearing loss based on the experience of some 240,000 person-years of observation. Accid Anal Prev 2008; 40(5): 1644−52.

Mihailović D, Ristić S. Noise: Psychophysiological effects. Sme-derevo: Newpress; 2011. (Serbian).

Ognjenović P. Psychology of perception. Belgrade: Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva; 2002. (Serbian)

Kryter K. The handbook of hearing and the effects of noise. New York: Academic Press; 1994.

Alberti PW. Noise-induced hearing loss: Could be easily pre-vented. Br Med J 1992: 304(6826): 522.

Rachiotis G, Alexopoulos C, Drivas S. Occupational exposure to noise, and hearing function among electro production work-ers. Auris Nasus Larynx 2006; 33(4): 381−5.

Glass DC, Reim B, Singer JE. Behavioral consequences of adap-tation to controllable and uncontrollable noise. J Exp Soc Psy-chol 1971; 7: 244−57.

Belojevic G, Slepcevic V, Jakovljevic B. Mental performance in noise: The role of introversion. J Environ Psychol 2001; 2: 209−13.

Aranđelović M, Jovanović J. Occupational Medicine. Niš: Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš; 2009. (Serbian)

Walden R. Work Environments. In: Spielberger CD, editor. En-cyclopedia of Applied Psychology. Tampa: Elsevier Academic Press; 2004. p. 699−708.

Chiovenda P, Pasqualetti P, Zappasodi F, Ercolani M, Milazzo D, Tomei G, et al. Environmental noise-exposed workers: event-related potentials, neuropsychological and mood assessment. Int J Psychophysiol 2007; 65(3): 228−37.

Tafalla RJ, Evans GW. Noise, physiology, and human perfor-mance: The potential role of effort. J Occup Health Psychol 1997; 2(2): 148−55.

Sundstrom E, Town JP, Rice RW, Osborn DP, Brill M. Office Noise, Satisfaction, and Performance. Environ Behav 1994; 26(2): 195−222.

Leather P, Beale D, Sullivan L. Noise, psychosocial stress and their interaction in the workplace. J Environ Psychol 2003; 23(2): 213−22.

Becker AB, Warm JS, Dember WN, Hancock PA. Effects of jet engine noise and performance feedback on perceived work-load in a monitoring task. Int J Aviat Psychol 1995; 5(1): 49−62.

Brattico E, Kujala T, Tervaniemi M, Alku P, Ambrosi L, Monitillo V. Long-term exposure to occupational noise alters the cortical organization of sound processing. Clin Neurophysiol 2005; 116(1): 190−203.

Fernandez MD, Quintana S, Chavarria N, Ballesteros JA. Noise exposure of workers of the construction sector. Appl Acoust 2009; 70: 753−60.

Pražić M. Professional hearing function damage in conditions of industrial noise: Work Medicine. Belgrade, Zagreb: Medi-cinska knjiga; 1986. p. 702−4. (Serbian)

Rabinowitz PM. Noise-induced hearing loss. Am Fam Physician 2000; 61(9): 2749−56.

Eleftheriou PC. Industrial noise and its effects on human hear-ing. Appl Acoust 2002; 63(1): 35−42.

Benton S, Leventhall HG. Experiments into the impact of low level, low frequency noise upon human behavior. J Low Freq Noise Vibr 1986; 5(4): 143−62.

Bengtsson J, Waye PK, Kjellberg A. Evaluations of effects due to low-frequency noise in a low demanding work situation. J Sound Vibr 2004; 278(1−2): 83−99.

McReynolds MC. Noise-induced hearing loss. Air Med J 2005; 24(2): 73−8.

Mihailović D. Analysis of detrimental influence of noise on workers in production plants. Aranđelovac, Bukovička Banja: Academy for Technology; 1977. (Serbian)

Gopinath B, Thiagalingam A, Teber E, Mitchell P. Exposure to workplace noise and the risk of cardiovascular disease events and mortality among older adults. Prev Med 2011; 53(6): 390−4.

Ljungberga JK, Neelya G. Stress, subjective experience and cogni-tive performance during exposure to noise and vibration. J Environ Psychol 2007; 27: 44−54.

Rylander R. Physiological aspects of noise-induced stress and annoyance. J Sound Vibr 2004; 277: 471−8.