Rasprostranjenost upotrebe psihoaktivnih supstanci kod adolescenata i njena povezanost sa sociodemografskim faktorima

  • Dušica B. Rakić Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
  • Branislava Rakić Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
  • Zoran Milošević Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
  • Ivan Nedeljković Health center “Dr Cvjetković”, Novi Sad, Serbia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2298/2057
Ključne reči: substance related disorders||, ||poremećaji izazvani supstancama, adolescent||, ||adolescenti, smoking||, ||pušenje, alcohol drinking||, ||alkohol, pijenje, street drugs||, ||ulični lekovi, risk factors||, ||faktori rizika,

Sažetak


Uvod/Cilj. Adolescencija je period najvećeg rizika za početak upotrebe psihoaktivnih supstanci: pušenje cigareta, konzumacije alkohola i nezakonitih droga. U prvoj deceniji novog milenijuma zapažen je porast upotrebe psihoaktivnih supstanci kod adolescenata. Cilj rada bio je utvrđivanje prevalencije upotrebe psihoaktivnih supstanci kod adolescenata i povezanost sa sociodemografskim faktorima. Metode. Istraživanje je sprovedeno među adolescentima u Novom Sadu, tokom 2010–2011. godine, i uključilo je 594 adolescenta (275 muških i 319 ženskih), uzrasta 15–19 godina. Korišćen je anketni upitnik, specijalno sastavljen za ovo istraživanje. Statistička obrada rađena je u SPSS17. Povezanost parametara procenjivana je metodama korelacije po Pirsonu, a razlike frekvencija ispitane su pomoću χ2-testa. Početni stepen statističke značajnosti bio je p < 0,05. Rezultati. Rasprostranjenost upotrebe psihoaktivnih supstanci bila je statistički veća kod muškog pola. Cigarete je pušilo 21,45% muških i 15,67% ženskih (p < 0,01), alkohol konzumiralo 81,6% muških i 69,11% ženskih (p < 0,001) i nezakonite droge koristilo 13,65% muških i 8,30% ženskih ispitanika (p < 0,05). Postojala je pozitivna korelacija između pušenja cigareta i konzumiranja alkohola, a negativna kod korišćenja nezakonitih droga (p < 0,01). Učestalost upotrebe psihoaktivnih supstanci bila je statistički veća kod adolescenata koji imaju lošiji uspeh u školi (p < 0,01), žive u poremećenim porodicama (pušenje cigareta p < 0,5, nezakonite droge p < 0,01) i imaju veći nedeljni džeparac (pušenje cigareta p < 0,5; konzumiranja alkohola p < 0,01). Zaključak. Stabilna porodica, mali nedeljni džeparac i odličan uspeh u školi su protektivni faktori u prevenciji upotrebe psihoaktivnih supstanci kod adolescenata.

Biografije autora

Dušica B. Rakić, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia

Doc. dr DUŠICA RAKIĆ ( rođena 1955. godine u Novom Sadu). Specijalista pedijatar i kardiolog. Magistar i doktor medicinskih nauka. Docent  je na Medicinskom fakultetu  Univerziteta u Novom Sadu, a radi i na Kardiološkom odseku u Domu zdravlja „Novi Sad“. Više godina je bila načelnik službe za zdravstvenu zaštitu dece, zatim  savetnik  direktora, a kasnije i pomoćnik direktora  za nauku i razvoj u Domu zdravlja „Novi Sad“. Bila je generalni sekretar Udruženja pedijatara Jugoslavije i učestvovala je u organizaciji Jugoslovenske pedijatrijske škole. Član je  Srpskog lekarskog društva - društva lekara Vojvodine, član Udruženja pedijatara Srbije, član Evropskog kardiološkog društva i Fellow European Society of Cardiology. Bila je član istraživačkog tima u međunarodnom Projektu Svetske zdravstvene organizacije  MONICA i CINDY - programu (1986-2006.), bila član  tima  u dva projekta Ministarstva zdravlja Republike Srbije za unapređenje primarne zdravstvene zaštite (2005-2008.) a od 2009. je i član tima u jednom  projeku Ministarva prosvete Republike Srbije   Do sada je objavila  106 stručnih radova u knjigama, monografijama, priručnicima i  časopisima. Autor je   3 monografije.

 

Zoran Milošević, Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
profesor na Fakultetu spota i fizičkog vaspitanja

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Objavljeno
2015/04/23
Broj časopisa
Vol. 71 Br. 5 (2014)
Rubrika
Originalni članak