Način ophođenja terapeuta prema klijentima i korist od psihoterapije kao odrednice samoprocene ličnosti klijenata
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. U (kontra)transfernom odnosu značajan je stil terapeuta, koji podrazumeva poimanje relacije klijenta sa terapeutom u smislu kontrole, autonomije, brige i pozitivne povratne informacije. Cilj našeg istraživanja bio je ispitivanje povezanosti interpersonalnog stila terapeuta i samoprocene ličnosti klijenta. U okviru načina ophođenja terapeuta prema klijentima sprovedeno je i prethodno vrednovanje skale načina ophođenja terapeuta prema klijentima koje je obuhvatilo metod dvostrukog prevoda, eksploratornu faktorsku analizu, konfirmatornu faktorsku analizu i ispitivanje pouzdanosti izdvojenih faktora. Metode. Istraživanje je rađeno na grupi od 206 klijenata, koji su bili na psihoterapiji primenom jednog od četiri psihoterapijska modaliteta: psihoanalize, geštalt terapije, kognitivno-bihverioralne i porodične sistemske terapije. Pored skale interpersonalnog stila terapeuta, primenjene su i skala procene za Velikih pet i skala percepcije koristi psihoterapije, sa zadovoljavajućom unutrašnjom stabilnošću. Rezultati. Analizom glavnih komponenti načina ophođenja terapeuta izdvojena su dva faktora, suportivna autonomija i ignorišuća kontrola, koji objašnjavaju 42% varijanse. Model načina ophođenja terapeuta sa dva faktora pokazao je bolje uklapanje u konfirmatornu faktorsku analizu od originalnog modela četiri faktora. Strukturalni model, koji prikazuje direktne i indirektne efekte načina ophođenja terapeuta na samoprocenu ličnosti klijenta pokazuje dobru podešenost (χ2(12) = 8,932, p = 0,709; goodness-of-fit index = 0,989), pri čemu ignorišuća kontrola direktno doprinosi stabilnosti, suportivna autonomija percepciji koristi terapije, a percepcija koristi terapije plastičnosti. Zaključak. Rezultati ove studije upućuju na značaj daljeg istraživanja načina ophođenja terapeuta prema klijentima i vrednovanja instrumenta kojim se meri ovaj odnos. Pored toga, osećaj klijenta da je terapija korisna mogao bi potaknuti više istraživačkog ponašanja i ponašanja orijentisanog na cilj, što bi indirektno moglo doprineti stabilnosti klijenta.
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