Razlike u temperamentu i karakteru kod adolescenata sa raznim poremećajima ponašanja
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Adolescenciju karakteriše veliki razvojni potencijal, ali i pojačani rizik od formiranja različitih vidova psihopatologije. Psihopatologiju adolescencije uzrasta od 15 do 18 godina, međunarodne klasifikacije mentalnih poremećaja prepoznaju kroz kategorije poremećaja ponašanja i neke vidove bolesti zavisnosti: hemijskih i nehemijskih. Cilj istraživanja bio je da se na osnovu Klonindžerove psihobiološke teorije ličnosti analizira struktura ličnosti kod četiri grupe adolescenata koji manifestuju različite oblike poremećaja ponašanja. Metode. Uzorak istraživanja sastojao se od 140 ispitanika uzrasta od 16 do 18 godina, podeljenih u pet grupa: 30 ispitanika koji su manifestovali socijalizovani poremećaj ponašanja, 20 adolescenata sa poremećajem ponašanja u sukobu sa zakonom, 30 ispitanika sa problemom zloupotrebe psihoaktivnih supstanci, 30 ispitanika sa problemom zavisnosti od interneta i 30 ispitanika kontrolne grupe. Za procenu strukture ličnosti korišćen je upitnik Belgrade Adolescent Personality Inventory (BAPI). Razlike između grupa adolescenata ispitane su multivarijatnom (MANOVA) i univarijatnom (ANOVA) analizom varijanse. Rezultati. Rezultati multivarijatne analize varijanse pokazuju da postoje razlike u strukturi ličnosti između svih grupa, kako na dimenzijama temperamenta, F (20,418.84) = 2.71, p < 0.001, Vilksova lambda 0,67, tako i na dimenzijama karaktera, F (12,344.24) = 3,27, p < 0,001, Vilksova lambda 0,75. Socijalizovani poremećaj ponašanja karakteriše niska samousmerenost, ali prosečna kooperativnost. Adolescenti u sukobu sa zakonom imaju najnižu perzistenciju, kao i nisku samousmerenost i kooperativnost. Adolescenti koji zloupotrebljavaju psihoaktivne supstance imaju nisko izbegavanje štete i autotranscedenciju. Za adolescente sa internet zavisnošću karakteristična je visoka potraga za novinama (impulsivnost i radoznalost), niska samousmerenost i najniža kooperativnost. Zaključak. Rezultati ukazuju da dimenzije ličnosti mogu igrati značajnu ulogu u etiopatogenezi različitih poremećaja adolescenata.
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