Promene aktivnosti superoksid dizmutaze kod bolesnika sa shizofrenijom zavisno od starosti
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Superoksid dizmutaza (SOD) je važan enzim u detoksikaciji superoksid radikala, primarne reaktivne vrste u većini bioloških procesa u kojima se stvaraju slobodni radikali. Podaci o aktivnosti SOD kod bolesnika sa shizofrenijom su nekonzistentni. Mnogobrojne studije pokazale su da je SOD povećana kod bolesnika sa hroničnom formom shizofrenije. S druge strane, snižena aktivnost SOD nađena je kod bolesnika u prvoj epizodi bolesti, kod obolelih koji nikada nisu bili na terapiji antipsihoticima i kod hroničnih, lečenih i nelečenih bolesnika. Cilj rada bio je da se ispita uticaj pola, životnog doba, vremena pojave bolesti, trajanja bolesti, broja psihotičnih epizoda, herediteta, predominantne simptomatologije i klase primenjivanih antipsihotika na aktivnost eritrocitne SOD kod bolesnika sa shizofrenijom. Metode. Ispitano je 68 bolesnika sa shizofrenijom (29 muškaraca i 39 žena) starosti od 18 do 61 godine, podeljenih u dve grupe (< 34 godine i > 34 godine). Aktivnost SOD merena je u hemolizatu eritrocita komercijalnim testom Ransod. Rezultati. U grupi bolesnika mlađih od 34 godine aktivnost SOD bila je značajno viša (1 381 ± 273 U/gHb; p = 0.038) nego aktivnost SOD u grupi starijih bolesnika (1 231 ± 206 U/gHb). Nije utvrđena značajna razlika u aktivnosti SOD među grupama u pogledu pola i herediteta. Značajna razlika u aktivnosti enzima nađena je između mlađih i starijih bolesnika kod kojih je bolest počela posle 24. godine starosti (1 408 ± 217 U/gHb prema 1 252 ± 213 U/gHb; p = 0,031). Bolesnici mlađe grupe koji su imali više od jedne psihotične epizode imali su značajno višu aktivnost SOD (1 492 ± 298 U/gHb; p = 0,009) od onih koji su imali samo jednu epizodu (1 256 ± 177 U/gHb) i od bolesnika starije grupe koja je imala više od jedne epizode (1 253 ± 231 U/gHb, p = 0,014). Mada dužina trajanja bolesti nije pokazala statistički značajnu razliku u aktivnosti enzima među grupama, značajna negativna korelacija uočena je između trajanja bolesti i aktivnosti SOD (r = -0,511; p < 0,01). Nije nađena značajna razlika u aktivnosti enzima između grupa sa različitim skorovima skale pozitivnih i negativnih simptoma (PANSS). Antipsihotici prve generacije bili su udruženi sa povišenom aktivnošću enzima u obe grupe. Simultano lečenje bolesnika antipsihoticima prve i druge generacije izazivalo je značajan pad aktivnosti SOD u grupi mlađih bolesnika. Zaključak. Dobijeni rezultati pokazuju da je aktivnost eritrocitne SOD povišena u ranoj fazi shizofrenije i da zavisi od godina života bolesnika na početku bolesti, broja psihotičnih epizoda, trajanja bolesti i klase primenjivanih antipsihotika.
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