Socijalno funkcionisanje starijih osoba obolelih od malignih bolesti
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Maligne bolesti, njihovo lečenje, kao i posledice tretmana, mogu često dovesti do socijalne marginalizacije i pogoršanja kvaliteta života. Cilj našeg istraživanja bio je da se proceni funkcionisanje starijih osoba obolelih od malignih oboljenja u njihovoj socijalnoj sredini. Metode. Primenjen je sociodemografski upitnik i metod intervjua na grupi od 49 starih osoba na lečenju od ranog karcinoma koje se nalaze na adjuvantnom hemioterapijskom lečenju (P1). Drugu grupu (n = 51) činile su stare osobe koje su se nalazile u odmaklom stadijumu bolesti i na sistemskom hemioterapijskom lečenju (P2). Istraživanje je sprovedeno kroz dva testiranja: prva procena vršena je neposredno pre otpočinjanja prvog ciklusa adjuvantne ili sistemske hemioterapije, a druga procena tri meseca kasnije. Istraživačka paradigma bila je zasnovana na relaciji individualnog lečenja i posledica koje maligna bolest izaziva u oblastima funkcionalne i socijalne inkompentencije. Dobijeni rezultati poređeni su sa kontrolnom grupom od 50 starijih osoba (K), istih karakteristika, ali bez malignog oboljenja. Rezultati. Utvrđeno je da većina starijih zdravih ispitanika živi u zajedničkim domaćinstvima sa decom, dok ispitanici iz grupa obolelih od malignih bolesti češće žive u samostalnim zajednicama. U sve tri grupe brigu o starima najčešće su vodila deca. „Česte“ posete rodbine imale su obe grupe obolelih na početku lečenja, za razliku od kontrolne grupe starijih osoba. Ipak, ova razlika nije bila statistički značajna. U drugoj proceni, tri meseca od početka lečenja, dobijena je statistički značajna razlika u korist grupe na adjuvantnom lečenju. Kako vreme prolazi smanjivale su se kućne posete, a povećavala komunikacija telefonom. Takođe, utvrđeno je da su posete prijatelja i komšija statistički značajno učestalije kod ispitanika koji su na adjuvantnom lečenju, kako pre otpočinjanja tretmana, tako i tri meseca nakon lečenja, u odnosu na ostale ispitivane grupe. Zaključak. Naše istraživanje pokazalo je da je socijalna isključenost prisutna u starijem dobu, a posebno kod obolelih od malignih bolesti. Posebnu pažnju potrebno je posvetiti praćenju socijalnog funkcionisanja tokom lečenja obolelih od malignih bolesti, s obzirom na uočenu tendenciju njegovog pogoršanja i značaj za dalji oporavak i izlečenje.
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