Vanbolničke infekcije urinarnog trakta: uzročnici i njihova rezistencija na antimikrobne lekove
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Infekcije urinarnog trakta jedne su od najčešće prisutnih infekcija u vanbolničkoj praksi. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se identifikuju uzročnici infekcija urinarnog trakta i stepen njihove rezistencije na antimikrobne lekove u urbanom području centralne Srbije, kao i njihova povezanost sa starošću i polom bolesnika. Metode. Studija je bila sprovedena kao retrospektivna analiza podataka prikupljenih tokom rutinskog rada na obradi urinokultura vanbolničkih pacijenata sa simptomatskom infekcijom urinarnog trakta u periodu od januara 2009. do decembra 2013. godine. Rezultati. Ukupno je bilo analizirano 71 905 kultura, od kojih je 24 713 (34,37%) bilo pozitivno na prisustvo bakterijskih patogena. Najčešće izolovani uzročnik urinarnih infekcija bila je Escherichia coli (E. coli) (56,56%), zatim vrste Klebsiella (16,20%), Proteus (14,68%), Enterococcus (5,29%) odnosno Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3,74%). E. coli i Enterococcus izolati bili su manje zastupljeni kod muškaraca starosti ≥ 60 godina (23,71%, odnosno 4,87%), dok su uzročnici Klebsiella vrsta preovladavali u toj starosnoj grupi (32,06%). Najčešće izolovani uzročnici kod osoba muškog pola starosti 15–29 godina bili su pripadnici vrsta Enterococcus i Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13,28% svaki). Među ženama, učestalost izolacije E. coli bila je visoka u svim starosnim grupama (oko 70%). Proteus vrste često su bile izolovane kod pripadnica ženskog pola starosti do 14 godina (13,27%), dok je Klebsiella bila najčešće zastupljena u najstarijoj grupi žena (10,99%). Zaključak. Izbor antibiotske terapije za urinarne infekcije treba da bude baziran na lokalnim obrascima rezistencije i usklađen sa polom i životnim dobom bolesnika.
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