Ispitivanje empatije kod adolescenata sa poremećajem ponašanja
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Prema trenutno raspoloživim podacima, u našoj sredini nema istraživanja empatije kod adolescenata sa poremećajem ponašanja. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se ispitaju razlike u izraženosti kognitivne i afektivne empatije između adolescenata sa i bez poremećaja ponašanja, kao i povezanost kognitivne i afektivne empatije i nivoa eksternalizacije kod adolescenata sa poremećajem ponašanja. Metode. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćen 171 ispitanik, uzrasta od 15 to 18 godina. Primenjeni su Indeks interpersonalne reaktivnosti, Upitnik za samoprocenu mladih od 11 do 18 godina i Opšti upitnik sačinjen za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Rezultati. Adolescenti sa poremećajem ponašanja postigli su statistički značajno niže vrednosti na dimenzijama kognitivne empatije Perspective Taking (t = 3,255, p = 0,001), Fantasy (t = 2,133, p = 0,034) i afektivnoj dimenziji Empathic Concern (t = 2,479, p = 0,014) u odnosu na adolescente kontrolne grupe, i više vrednosti na dimenziji Personal Distress (t = 1,818, p = 0,071) u odnosu na kontrolnu grupu, ali ne na nivou statističke značajnosti. U istraživanju je nađena statistički značajna negativna povezanost kognitivne dimenzije empatije Perspective Taking i agresije (r = -0,318, p = 0,003), kao i negativna povezanost Perspective Taking i ukupnog nivoa eksternalizacionih problema (r = -0,310, p = 0,004) u grupi adolescenata sa poremećajem ponašanja. Zaključak. Ovo istraživanje doprinosi boljem razumevanju poremećaja ponašanja sa aspekta individualnih faktora, pre svega empatijske reaktibilnosti. Preventivni rad sa mladima koji imaju probleme ponašanja udružene sa nedostatkom empatije pokazao se kao značajno oruđe u sprečavanju razvoja ili bar ublažavanju simptoma ovog sve učestlijeg poremećaja.
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