Procena usamljenosti studenata sa oštećenjem vida
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Usamljenost je sve učestalija, posebno u populaciji mladih. Neki autori smatraju da oštećenje vida povećava rizik od usamljenosti. Empirijski podaci o ispoljenosti kod osoba sa oštećenjem vida su kontradiktorni. Cilj našeg istraživanja bio je utvrđivanje stepena usamljenosti kod studenata sa oštećenjem vida i njihovih vršnjaka iz opšte populacije. Metode. Komparativno istraživanje je obavljeno na uzorku koji je činilo 36 studenata sa oštećenjem vida i 101 studenata bez oštećenja vida (kontrolna grupa). Na osnovu stepena oštećenja vida, studenti sa oštećenjem vida bili su podeljeni u tri podgrupe (slabovidi, praktično slepi i potpuno slepi). U našem istraživanju korišćeni su University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (za procenu opšte usamljenosti) i Skala socijalne i emocionalne usamljenosti (za procenu socijalne, porodične i usamljenosti u ljubavi). Rezultati. Analiza rezultata je pokazala da je opšta usamljenost bila značajno manja u grupi studenata sa oštećenjem vida nego u kontrolnoj grupi (t = 2.121; p = 0.036). Na Skali socijalne i emocionalne usamljenosti nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika između grupe studenata sa oštećenjem vida i kontrolne grupe. Takođe, nije utvrđena značajna razlika u nivou usamljenosti između studenata sa različitim stepenom oštećenja vida. U grupi studenata sa oštećenjem vida postojala je značajna razlika u stepenu ispoljenosti socijalne usamljenosti, usamljenosti u porodici i usamljenosti u ljubavi (Wilk’s lambda = 0.604; p ≤ 0.000). Najviše je bilo ispoljena usamljenost u ljubavi, sledi socijalna usamljenost, dok je usamljenost u porodici bila najmanja. Zaključak. Prema rezultatima našeg istraživanja, samo oštećenje vida nije presudni činilac usamljenosti kod studenata sa oštećenjem vida. Buduća istraživanja protektivnih faktora usamljenosti mogu doprineti prevenciji ove pojave kod mladih sa oštećenjem vida.
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