Karakteristike funkcionisanja porodica sa mentalno obolelom decom i adolescentima
Sažetak
Uvod/Cilj. Prethodna istraživanja su ukazala na značaj osobina i funkcionisanja porodice kao važnih faktora rizika u nastanku i održavanju mentalnih poremećaja kod dece. Cilj ovog istraživanja je bila procena funkcionisanja porodica sa mentalno obolelom decom i adolescentima. Metode. Studijom je obuhvaćeno 47 porodica sa mentalno obolelim detetom/adolescentom koje su bile poređene sa 47 porodica sa zdravom decom/adolescentima. Roditelji su popunjavali Socio-demografski upitnik, Skalu socijalne adaptacije (The Social Adaptation Self-evaluation scale – SASS) i Skalu evaluacije porodične prilagodljivosti i kohezije (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale – FACES III); Olson, 1983). Rezultati. Za sve tri dimenzije na FACES III skali multivarijantna analiza varijanse (MANOVA) je pokazala značajnu razliku između grupa ( Wilks λ = .887; F = 3.839; df = 3; p = 0.012). Analiza varijanse (ANOVA) je pokazala da ta značajna razlika postoji za kohezivnost (F = 6.99 p = 0.001) i adaptibilnost (F = 10.07; p = 0.001. SASS analiza socijalne adaptacije je pokazala viši skor za kliničku vs. nekliničku grupu (39,66 ± 6,82 vs. 38,06 ± 8,44), bez značajne razlike između njih (p = 0.32). Porodice sa mentalno obolelim detetom/adolescentom češće imaju niži socioekonomski status, nezaposlenost roditelja, veći broj dece u porodici, i porodičnu separaciju (razvod). Zaključak. Rezultati su ukazali da su kohezivnost i аdаptаbilnost značajno uočljivi u porodicama sa mentalno obolelom decom, ali da je socijalna adaptacija slična porodicama sa zdravom decom. Bilo bi korisno da se pri planiranju prevencije i rehabilitacije dece /adolescentata sa mentalnim oboljenjem procene kohezivnost i аdаptаbilnost primarnih porodica.
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