О фатвама и дилемама младих Ирачана

  • Sophia Butt Међународни консултант за високо образовање, Универзитет у Бирмингаму
Ključne reči: Islamic Jurisprudents||, ||исламско право, Marāji||, ||Marāji (титула у значењу, „онај кога треба следити“), Mujtahid||, ||Mujtahid (титула у значењу, „онај који улаже напор да реши проблем“), edicts||, ||едикти, fatwahs||, ||фатве, taqlīd||, ||таклид, Iraqi Youth||, ||млади у Ираку, concerns||, ||дилеме,

Sažetak


Муслимани верују да откровења и изреке Пророка Мухамеда представљају код за живот на овоме свету, и оном другом. Преко Курана, Пророка и Пророковог потомства, Алах је обавестио муслимане о дужности да следе знање, али и да мудро поступају у складу с њим. Да би поступили у складу с овом заповешћу, следбеници ислама који настоје да проникну у тајне Светих списа с дужном пажњом, уједно увиђају границе својег знања, чак и током покушаја да дешифрују наизглед једноставне стихове у Курану због сложености њихове егзегезе. Стога, за разлику од сунита, шиитски следбеници Ехли-бејта пажњу поклањају важности и неопходности таклида (taqlid) – односно, обраћају се познаваоцима права за учено тумачење Светих текстова, учења Пророка Мухамеда и безгрешних потомака његове кћери Фатиме аз-Зeхре. Међутим, у којем су обиму едикти, или фатве, које издају савремени познаваоци исламског права у складу са веровањима и дилемама савремене младежи, нарочито ирачке?

Reference

AB Sites (2011). Mukhtar Saghafi. Available from: http://ahlulbaytportal.net/en.php/page,24916A48261.html [Accessed on 18 February 2018]

Al Jazeera (2016) & Westcott (2016). cited in O’Driscoll, Dylan & van Zoonen, Dave (2017: 9) ‘The Hashd al-Shaabi and Iraq Subnationalism and the State.’ Middle East Research Institute. Available from: http://www.meri-k.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Hashd-Alshaabi-report.pdf [Accessed on 17 February 2018]

Baghdad Post (2017, 11 Jan). Iraq suffers from spread of atheism due to religious extremism. Available from: http://www.thebaghdadpost.com/en/story/4938/Iraq-suffers-from-spread-of-atheism-due-to-religious-extremism [Accessed on 15 February 2018]

Bassem, W. (2014, 16 Oct). ‘Drug use spreads among Iraqi youth.’ Al-Monitor. Available from: https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/10/iraqi-youth-drug-addiction-escape-security-social-problems.html [Accessed on 3 February 2018]

BBC News (2014, 11 Jun). Iraq crisis: Islamists force 500,000 to flee Mosul. Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-27789229 [Accessed on 15 February 2018]

Browne, G. (2016, 31 Oct). ‘Iraq's new atheism in the shadow of Islamic State.’ The New Arab [Online]. Available from: https://www.alaraby.co.uk/english/indepth/2016/10/31/iraqs-new-atheism-in-the-shadow-of-islamic-state [Accessed on 15 February 2018]

Encyclopaedia Britannica (2018a). Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant. Available from: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Islamic-State-in-Iraq-and-the-Levant [Accessed on 20 February 2018]

Encyclopaedia Britannica (2018b). Taqlid – Islaimic Law. Available from https://www.britannica.com/topic/taqlid [Accessed on 14 August 2018]

Mamouri, A. (2017, 22 Jun). ‘Islamic parties intimidate, fear atheists in Iraq.’ Al-Monitor. Available from: https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/06/iraq-atheism-political-islam-human-rights.html [Accessed on 15 February 2018]

Massella, A. (2017, 19 Oct) ‘We Have Forgotten What Happiness Is: Youth perspectives on displacement and return in Qayyarah sub-district, Mosul.’ Oxfam – Policy & Practice Report. Available from: https://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/we-have-forgotten-what-happiness-is-youth-perspectives-on-displacement-and-retu-620351 [Accessed on 3 February 2018]

Morris, L. (2014, 13 Jun). ‘Shiite cleric Sistani backs Iraqi government’s call for volunteers to fight advancing militants.’ The Washington Post [Online] Available from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/volunteers-flock-to-defend-baghdad-as-insurgents-seize-more-iraqi-territory/2014/06/13/10d46f9c-f2c8-11e3-914c-1fbd0614e2d4_story.html?utm_term=.35e7446060a5 [Accessed on 20 February 2018]

Nabeel, G. (2017, 1 Aug). ‘Atheists in Muslim world: Silent, resentful and growing in number.’ The Washington Post [Online]. Available from: https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/aug/1/atheists-in-muslim-world-growing-silent-minority/ [Accessed on 15 February 2018]

O’Driscoll, D. & van Zoonen, D. (2017) ‘The Hashd al-Shaabi and Iraq Subnationalism and the State.’ Middle East Research Institute. Available from: http://www.meri-k.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Hashd-Alshaabi-report.pdf [Accessed on 17 February 2018]

Salihi, M. (2014, 5 Feb). ‘The Death of God in Iraq: 32% of Iraqis not Sure God Exists, 11% think Not.’ Informed Comment. Available from: https://www.juancole.com/2014/02/death-iraqis-exists.html [Accessed on 15 February 2018]

Sly, L. (2014, 3 Jan). ‘Al-Qaeda force captures Fallujah amid rise in violence in Iraq.’ The Washington Post [Online]. Available from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/al-qaeda-force-captures-fallujah-amid-rise-in-violence-in-iraq/2014/01/03/8abaeb2a-74aa-11e3-8def-a33011492df2_story.html?utm_term=.4d6cdab95282 [Accessed on 18 February 2018]

Statista (2018). Number of documented civilian deaths in the Iraq war from 2003 to December 2017. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/269729/documented-civilian-deaths-in-iraq-war-since-2003/ [Accessed on 15 February 2018]

Taki, A. (Executive Producer) (2016). The Grand Ayatollah. Ahlulbayt TV Documentaries. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbzBJIWNorc [Accessed on 3 February 2018]

Taki, A. (Executive Producer) (2016). The Historical Development of Shi’ism – Imams to Jurists. Ahlulbayt TV Documentaries. Available from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5bl00E-Zhi8 [Accessed on 14 February 2018]

Taki, A. (Executive Producer) (2013).The Seminary – The Hawzah in Najaf. Ahlulbayt TV Documentaries. Available from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFhpPa-uivM [Accessed on 18 February 2018]

The Telegraph (2014, 4 Jan). Fallujah falls under Al-Qaeda control in blow for Iraq security. Available from: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10550563/Fallujah-falls-under-Al-Qaeda-control-in-blow-for-Iraq-security.html [Accessed on 18 February 2018]

UN Assistance Mission for Iraq (2017, 24 May). Hopeful Iraqi Youth Propose Solutions, Air Concerns as they Conclude Forum on Promoting Coexistence and Reconciliation [EN/AR]. Available from: https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/hopeful-iraqi-youth-propose-solutions-air-concerns-they-conclude-forum-promoting [Accessed on 3 February 2018]

Watling, J. (2016, 22 Dec). ‘The Shi’a Militias of Iraq.’ The Atlantic. Available from: https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2016/12/Shi’a-militias-iraq-isis/510938/ [Accessed on 20 February 2018]

Williams, S. (2017, 21 Oct). Iraq’s lost generation: ‘I have forgotten what happiness is’. Guardian [Online]. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/oct/21/iraq-mosul-lost-generation-isis-forgotten-happiness [Accessed on 3 February 2018]

Objavljeno
2018/10/04
Rubrika
Оригинални научни чланак