Ефективност модела декомпресије у третману делинквентног понашања малолетника са израженим цртама психопатије: систематски преглед литературе
Sažetak
Психопатске црте у контексту малолетничке делинквенције повезане су са ранијим почетком, већом учесталошћу и тежим облицима кршења норми. Због изражене несарадљивости и склоности ка испољавању реметилачког понашања, потешкоће у раду са овом категоријом делинквената посебно долазе до изражаја у институционалном третману. Новије студије показују да специјализовани облици третмана, као што је модел декомпресије, ипак могу да доведу до смањења антисоцијалног понашања. Овај интензивни когнитивно-бихевиорални програм третмана осмишљен је тако да развија прагматично интерперсонално понашање које је у служби социјалне реинтеграције малолетника. Циљ овог систематског прегледа је био да се размотре и сумарно прикажу подаци о ефектима поменутог програма. На основу смерница PRISMA 2020 издвојено је осам релевантних истраживања. Наративна синтеза налаза истраживања показала је да модел декомпресије доводи до умереног, дугорочног смањења стопе насилног и општег рецидивизма и да има снажан ефекат на сарадљивост током трајања третмана. Утврђено је опадање кажњивог понашања најтеже и најмање сарадљиве категорије младих преступника, при чему је учинак највећи код тешке, насилничке делинквенције и код младих са истакнутим особинама манипулативности. Важан предуслов за позитивне исходе је учествовање у целом трајању програма.
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