НАПУШТАЊЕ ЕУ – ПОСЛЕДИЦЕ У СКЛАДУ СА ПРАВОМ ЕУ И СА МЕЂУНАРОДНИМ ПРАВОМ
Sažetak
Član 50. UEU, kao jedini pravni mehanizam za napuštanje EU koji pruža pravo EU, omogućuje značajno visok nivo fleksibilnosti za proces napuštanja uopšte, i, posebno, za sadržinu eventualnog sporazuma o povlačenju. Imajući u vidu način na koji se „Bregzit“ odvijao do sada, čini se da je član 50. UEU izdržao test prakse i dokazao se kao mudro rešenje. S druge strane, koraci koje Vlada Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva svesno preduzima u pravcu kršenja zaključenog Sporazuma o napuštanju EU i prava EU pokazuju da obavezujući karakter prava EU nije čisto pravna pojava, već pre svega neposredna posledica političkog i vrednosnog značaja koji EU ima za njene članice i državljane.
Detaljno uređenje prava pojedinaca – državljana EU koji imaju prebivalište, rade ili studiraju u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu i obratno, sadržano u Sporazumu o napuštanju zaključenom između EU i Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva, nasuprot neuspesima da se postigne saglasnost o mnogim drugim pitanjima, pokazuje snagu fenomena stečenih ličnih prava. Bregzit je u praksi potvrdio da još nije nastalo nadnacionalno građansko pravo EU, koje bi bilo nezavisno od državljanstva neke od država članica.
Specifična i složena institucionalna struktura EU otvara značajna pitanja na planu odnosa države koja napušta EU sa EU i njenim preostalim članicama, trećim državama i međunarodnim organizacijama. Sudbina međunarodnih obaveza prema trećim stranama, stečenih pre napuštanja od strane EU, kao i od strane države koja napušta EU zajedno sa EU, na osnovu mešovitih sporazuma, ostaje nejasna, uzrokujući veliku pravnu nesigurnost.
Brojne teškoće, sporovi, troškovi i neizvesnosti nastali usled Bregzita potvrđuju stvar da suština EU leži u političkom i na vrednostima zasnovanom savezu, koji teži mnogo većem jedinstvu od onog koje postoji danas. Napuštanje takvog saveza je pojava koju je teško zamisliti i pravno urediti.
Reference
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