КОНСОЛИДАЦИЈА ДЕМОКРАТСКИХ ИНСТИТУЦИЈА – ИСКУСТВО СРБИЈЕ
Ključne reči:
екстрактивне институције, демократска консолидација, институционална ефикасност, владавина права, корупција
Sažetak
Према резултатима оствареним у области реформе политичких институција, Србија спада у групу земаља које се налазе у стању пролонгиране демократске транзиције, са израженим проблемима у сфери консолидације демократских институција. Због неправилности у изборним процедурама, као и нарушавања принципа који гарантују поштовање демократских норми и институција у последњих неколико година, Србија је сврставана у групу демократских земаља, али се демократија најчешће карактерисала као мањкава. У међувремену, прешла је из категорије демократских у категорију хибридних режима, понајвише због раста корупције. Када је реч о економској трансформацији, Србија припада функционалним тржишним привредама, при чему транзиција у тржишну привреду још увек није завршена, а неопходне економске реформе се стално одлажу. Од почетка транзиције до данас, у реализацији политичких и економских реформи у Србији смењују се периоди остваривања скромних напредака у области политичке и економске трансформације са периодима стагнације, па чак и назадовања у важним сегментима реформи. Имајући у виду да расположиви индикатори политичких и економских реформи указују на учвршћивање екстрактивних институција, циљ рада је да истражи како репродуковање екстрактивних политичких и економских институција отежава консолидацију демократије у Србији.
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Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., Robinson, J. (2001). The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation. American Economic Review. 91 (5). 1369–1401.
Acemoglu, D., Robinson, J. (2012). Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity and Poverty. New York, NY: Crown Publisher.
Barro, R. (1996). Determinants of economic growth: A cross-country empirical study. National Bureau of Economic Research, Working Paper 5698.
Bertelsmann Stiftung (2016). Bertelsman Transformation Index 2016 - Serbia Country Report, dostupno na
https://www.bti-project.org/content/en/downloads/reports/country_report_2016_SRB.pdf
Bertelsmann Stiftung (2020). Bertelsman Transformation Index 2020 - Serbia Country Report, dostupno na
https://www.bti-project.org/content/en/downloads/reports/country_report_2020_SRB.pdf
Bieber, F. (2018). The Rise (and Fall) of Balkan Stabilitocracies. Horizons: Journal of International Relations and Sustainable Development. 10. 176-185. DOI: 10.2307/48573486 https://www.jstor.org/stable/48573486
Bulatović A., Korać, S. (2006). Razvoj moderne srpske države u kontekstu korupcije. U: A. Bulatović, S. Korać (Prir.), Korupcija i razvoj moderne srpske države (str. vii-xxviii). Beograd: Institut za kriminološka i sociološka istraživanja i Centar za menadžment.
Cappocia, G. (2015). Critical Junctures and Institutional Change. U: K. Thelen, J. Mahoney (Prir.), Advances i Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences (str.147-179). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Carnaghan, E. (2007). Out of Order. Russian Political Values in an Imperfect World. University Park, PA: Penn State Press.
Diamond, L. (2002). Thinking about Hybrid Regimes, Journal of Democracy. 13 (2). 21–35.
Diamond, L. (2005). The State of Democratization at the Beginning of the 21st Century. The Whitehead Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations. 11 (1). 13–18.
EBRD (2013). Transition Report 2013: Stuck in Transition? London: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
EBRD (2016). Life in Transition Survey III [database]. Available at: http://www.ebrd.com/what- we-do/economic-research-and-data/data/lits.html
European Social Survey Round 9 Data (2018). Data file edition 2.0. NSD - Norwegian Centre for Research Data, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data for ESS ERIC. doi:10.21338/NSD-ESS9-2018.
Freedom House (2019a). Freedom and the Media 2019: A Downward Spiral. https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-media/freedom-media-2019
Freedom House (2019b). Freedom in the World 2019 – Serbia profile; https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2019/serbia
Freedom House (2020). Nations in Transit 2020. Dropping the Democratic Facade.
https://freedomhouse.org/report/nations-transit/2020/dropping-democratic-facade#Facade
Gallagher, Tom. (2005). The Balkans in the New Millennium: In the shadow of war and peace. New York: Routledge .
Gelbach, S. Malesky, E. (2010). The contribution of veto players to economic reform. Journal of Politics. 72. 957–975.
Glaeser, E., La Porta, R., Lopez-de Silanes, F., Shleifer, A. (2004). Do institutions cause growth? Journal of Economic Growth. 9. 271–303.
Hadenius, A. Teorell, J. (2007). Pathways from Authoritarianism. Journal of Democracy. 18 (1). 143-157.
Heritage Foundation (2020). Index of Economic Freedom 2020. https://www.heritage.org/index/country/serbia
Hood, C. (2006). Gaming in Targetworld: The Targets Approach to Managing British Public Services. Public Administration Review. 66 (4). 515-521.
Howard, M., Roessler, P. (2006). Liberalizing Electoral Outcomes in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes. American Journal of Political Science. 50 (2). 365–381.
Kotkin, S. Beissinger, M. (2014). The historical legacies of communism: An empirical agenda. U: Beissinger, M. Kotkin, S. (Prir.), Historical Legacies of Communism in Russia and Eastern Europe (1-27). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Lipset, S. (1960). Political Man. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books.
Marcic, S. (2010). Authoritarian Mentality as an Obstacle to Democratic Consolidation in the Western Balkans. PhD Thesis. University of New South Wales: School of Humanities and Social Sciences.
Merkel, W. (2004). Embedded and Defective Democracies. Democratization. 11 (5). 33-58.
Nogal-Meger, P. (2018). The Quality of Business Legal Environment and Its Relation with Business Freedom. International Journal of Contemporary Management. 2. 111–136.
North, D., Wiengast, B. (1989). Constitution and commitment: the evolution of institutions governing public choice in seventeenth-century England. The Journal of Economic History. 49 (4). 803-832.
North, D., Weingast, B. (1989). Constitutions and commitment: The evolution of institutions governing public choice in seventeenth century England. The Journal of Economic History. 49(4). 803-832.
Olson, M. (2000). Power and Prosperity: Outgrowing Communist and Capitalist Dictatorships. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Oomes, N., Veld, D. (2015). Reforming economic institutions in transition economies: what determines the speed of reform? (SEO Discussion Paper; Volume 84). Amsterdam: SEO.
OSCE/ODIHR (2016). Serbia, Early parliamentary elections, 24 April 2016: Final Report. Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe.
Ottaway, M. (2003). Democracy Challenged: The Rise of Semi-Authoritarianism. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Pop-Eleches, G., Tucker, J. (2011). Communism’s shadow: Postcommunist legacies, values, and behavior. Comparative Politics. 43. 379–408.
Popov, V. (2001). Lessons from Transition Economies: Strong Institutions Are More Important than The Speed of Reforms. Draft paper prepared for the discussion at the UNRISD meeting on „The Need to Rething Development Economics“, 7-8 September 2001, Cape Town, South Africa.
Popović–Obradović, O. (2008). Kakva ili kolika država. Ogledi o političkoj i društvenoj istoriji Srbije XIX–XXI veka. Beograd: Zagorac.
Putnam, R. (1993). Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.
Rafiqui, P.S. (2009). Evolving economic landscapes: why new institutional economics matters for economic geography. Journal of Economic Geography. 9. 329 – 353.
Reich, G. (2002). Categorizing Political Regimes: New Data for Old Problems. Democratization. 9 (4). 1–24.
Rius, A., van de Walle, N. (2003). Political Institutions and Economic Policy Reform. Document presented to the Global Development Network: Understanding Reform. August 15, 2003.
Roessler, P., Howard, M. (2009). Post-Cold War Political Regimes: When Do Elections Matter? U: Lindberg, S. (Prir.), Democratization by Elections: A New Mode of Transition. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Savet za borbu protiv korupcije (2016). Izveštaj o stanju u pravosuđu, dostupno na http://www.antikorupcija-savet.gov.rs/Storage/Global/Documents/izvestaji/Pravosudje%20konacno%20!.pdf
Stojanović, D. (2010). Ulje na vodi: ogledi iz istorije sadašnjosti Srbije. Beograd: Čigoja.
The World Bank 2006-2018. World Bank’s Entrepreneurship Survey and Database. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IC.BUS.NREG
The World Bank (2019). Worldwide Governance Indicators.
The World Bank, 2020. Doing Business 2020.
https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/32436/9781464814402.pdf
The World Bank, 2020. Doing Business 2009.
https://www.doingbusiness.org/content/dam/doingBusiness/media/Annual-Reports/English/DB09-FullReport.pdf
World Economic Forum (2019). The Global Competitiveness Report 2019.
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2019.pdf
Zywicki, T. (2002), The rule of law, freedom, and prosperity, Supreme Court Economic Review. 10. 1-26.
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2021/07/05
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