МЕЂУНАРОДНА ЗАШТИТА И ПРИМЕНА НАЧЕЛА ЗАБРАНЕ ПРОТЕРИВАЊА У ДРЖАВЕ СА НЕАДЕКВАТНИМ ЗДРАВСТВЕНИМ СИСТЕМИМА ИЛИ НЕДОСТУПНОМ ЗДРАВСТВЕНОМ ЗАШТИТОМ
Ključne reči:
право на здравље, азил, међународна заштита, људска права, миграције, пандемија, ковид 19, non-refoulement, Европски суд за људска права
Sažetak
Пандемија вируса корона поново је оголила драматичне разлике између држава у погледу доступности и квалитета здравствене заштите. Аутори анализирају да ли угрожено право на здравље, као основно људско право, кроз неадекватну или недоступну здравствену негу може бити основ за одобравање међународне заштите или примену начела забране враћања, са посебним освртом на контекст пандемије вируса корона. Теоријски и у правним документима ова тема недовољно је обрађена, а судска пракса је још увек у процесу формирања. Досадашња пракса Европског суда за људска права у погледу права на азил и здравља није јединствена али је за очекивати да у наредном периоду дође до изградње како судске праксе тако и до измена правних оквира.
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Аутор
Аутор
Аутор
Аутор
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Vukčević Marković, M., Kovačević, N., Bjekić, J. (2021). Refugee Status Determination Procedure and Mental Health of the Applicant: Dynamics and Reciprocal Effects. Frontiers in Psychiatry, Vol. 11.
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D. v. United Kingdom. Представка број 30240/96. Пресуда ЕСЉП од 2.5.1997.
European Commission, Pact on Migration and Asylum, Brussels
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Закон о азилу и привременој заштити, Сл. гласник РС, бр. 24/18.
Закон о странцима, Сл. гласник РС, бр. 24/18 и 31/19.
Закон о општем управном поступку, Сл. гласник РС, бр. 18/16 и 95/18 – аутентично тумачење
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Kiyutin v. Russia. Представка број 2700/10. Пресуда ЕСЉП од 10.3.2011.
Крстић, И., Давинић, М. (2013). Право на азил – међународни и домаћи стандарди. Београд: Правни факултет Универзитета у Београду.
Krstić, I., Marinković, T. (2016). Evropsko pravo ljudskih prava. Beograd: Savet Evrope.
Kovačević, N. (2021). Country Report - Serbia, 2020 update. Asylum Information Database.
Комуникација Комисије бр. 2020/C 126/02 од 17. априла 2020. године.
Mreža psihosocijalnih inovacija. (2021). Mentalno zdravlje i dobrobit izbeglica i tražilaca azila u Srbiji: petogodišnji trendovi - istraživački izveštaj za 2021. godinu.
McAdam, J. (2020). A Watching Brief on the Impacts of COVID-19 on the World’s Displaced People, International Journal of Refugee Law, Volume 32, Issue 2, June.
Nzherald.co.nz (2021). Covid 19 coronavirus: Human Rights Commission probes India travel ban, 10 April 2021. Преузето 23.10.2021. Приступљено: 30.9.2021. године. bit.ly/3vFFyJo
N. v. United Kingdom. Представка број 26565/05. Пресуда ЕСЉП од 27.5.2008.
Paposhvili v. Belgium. Представка број 41738/10. Пресуда ЕСЉП од 13.12.2016.
Pact of San José, Costa Rica, United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1144, p.123.
Protocol relating to the Status of Refugees, United Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 606, No. 8791, p. 267.
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and People's Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and People's Rights, OAU/LEG/ AFCHPR/PROT (III).Пресуда бр. W 1 K 20.30872 Applicant (Afghanistan) v Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) (2020).
Пресуда бр. M 26a S 20.30506 Applicant (Afghanistan) v Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) (2020).
Пресуда бр. 5a K 11323/17.A Applicant (Afghanistan) v Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) (2020).
Пресуда бр. W 8 K 19.31125 Applicants (Armenia) v Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) (2020).
Пресуда бр. A 19 K 14017/17 Applicant (Afghanistan) v Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) (2020).
Пресуда бр. W186 2230502-1 Applicant (Afghanistan) v Austrian Federal Office for Immigration and Asylum (Bundesamt für Fremdenwesen und Asyl- BFA) (2020).
Пресуда бр. 9 K 507 / 18.A Applicant (Nigeria) v Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) (2020)
Пресуда бр. B 8 K 17.32211 Applicant (Afghanistan) v Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) (2020).
Пресуда бр. B 7 K 20.30314 Applicant (Ethiopia) v Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) (2020).
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Пресуда бр. 237 377 X v Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons (2020).
Пресуда бр. 6 A 243/20 Applicant (Somalia) v Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) (2020).
Пресуда бр. ECLI:FR:CECHS:2020:440756.20200708 Applicant (Central African Republic) (2020)
Раичевић, Н. (2018). Изузеци од престанка избегличког статуса у случају промене околности у држави порекла. Зборник радова Правног факултета у Нишу, vol.57, бр. 80.
Регулатива (ЕУ) 604/2013 (измењена), OJ EU, L 180/31.
Revised European Social Charter, European Treaty Series - No. 163.
Решење Канцеларије за азил Министарства унутрашњих послова бр. 26-4370/15 од 27. 12.2017. године.
Решење Канцеларије за азил Министарства унутрашњих послова од 25.12.2017. године.
Savran v. Denmark. Представка број 57467/15. Пресуда ЕСЉП од 1.10.2019.
Tai, D. B. G., Shah, A., Doubeni, C. A., Sia, I. G., & Wieland, M. L. (2021). The Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Racial and Ethnic Minorities in the United States. Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 72, Issue 4, 15 February 2021.
The New York Times (2021). Most African countries missed a target to vaccinate 10 percent of their people. Приступљено: 24.11.2021. nyti.ms/3jvMrYy
Triggs, G. (2020). We Can Secure Both Public Health and the Rights of Asylum Seekers to Protection, International Journal of Refugee Law, Volume 32, Issue 2, June.
Tobin, J. (2012). The Right to Health in International Law. Oxford – New York: Oxford University Press.
United Nations Department of Global Communications (2020). Growth of international migration slowed by 27%, or 2 million migrants, due to COVID-19, says UN. Преузето: 24.11.2021. bit.ly/3b70lfc.
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UNHCR, Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status and Guidelines on International Protection under the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, reissued Geneva, February 2019. HCR/1P/4/ENG/REV. 4.
Устав Републике Србије, Сл. гласник РС, бр. 98.2006.
Human Rights Committee, Statement on derogations from the Covenant in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic, CCPR/C/128/2, 30 April 2020.
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Official Journal of the European Union, C 326/393.
Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, New York, 10 December 1984, United Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 1465, p. 85.
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, United Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 1249, p. 13.
Convention on the Rights of the Child, United Nations, Treaty Series , Vol. 1577, p. 3.
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, United Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 2515, p. 3.
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, European Treaty Series, No. 005.
Cоnvention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 28 July 1951, United Nations, Treaty Series, Vol. 189, p. 137.
CCPR General Comment No. 27: Article 12 (Freedom of Movement) Adopted at the Sixty-seventh session of the Human Rights Committee, on 2 November 1999 CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add.9.
Čok, V. (1999). Pravo na državljanstvo. Beograd: Beogradski centar za ljudska prava.
United Nations, World leaders call for new international treaty to improve pandemic response. 30 March 2021. Доступно на: bit.ly/3mbbwKe
Moulds, S. (2020). Scrutinising Covid-19 Laws: An early glimpse into the scrutiny work of Federal Parliamentary Committees. Alternative Law Journal, 45(3), 180–187.
UNHCR/IOM (2020). COVID-19 and mixed population movements: emerging dynamics, risks and opportunities: A UNHCR/IOM discussion paper. Приступљено 24.11.2021. bit.ly/3jwfBa1
UNHCR, Age, Gender and Diversity Considerations – COVID-19, 21 March 2020
UNHCR, Gender-based violence prevention, risk mitigation and response during COVID-19, 26 March 2020
UNHCR, Key Legal Considerations on access to territory for persons in need of international protection in the context of the COVID-19 response, 16 March 2020
UNHCR, Key Procedural Considerations on the Remote Participation of Asylum-Seekers in the Refugee Status Determination Interview, 15 May 2020
UNHCR, Practical Recommendations and Good Practice to Address Protection Concerns in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic, 9 April 2020.
UNHCR, Risk Communication and Community Engagement (RCCE) – COVID-19, 21 March 2020
UNHCR, The COVID-19 crisis: Key Protection Messages, 31 March 2020
UNHCR, Handbook on Procedures and Criteria for Determining Refugee Status and Guidelines on International Protection under the 1951 Convention and the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, reissued Geneva, February 2019. HCR/1P/4/ENG/REV. 4.
Forman, L., The Evolution of the Right to Health in the Shadow of COVID-19, Health and Human Rights Journal, June 2020, Vol. 22, No. 1.
Heymann, J., Cassola, A., Raub A., Mishra, L. (2013), Constitutional rights to health, public health and medical care: The status of health protections in 191 countries. Global Public Health: An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice, 8:6
Human Rights Committee, Ioane Teitiota v. New Zealand, CCPR/C/127/D/2728/2016, 7 January 2020.
World Health Organisation, Promoting the health of refugees and migrants – Framework of Priorities and Guiding Principles to Promote the Health of Refugees and Migrants. Доступно на: bit.ly/ 3GkFuDs
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