Legal and Historical Perspectives and Comparison of Legal Sources for EEC/EU Peace-Building in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia in 1993 and European Realities in 2020
Keywords:
European Union, Action Plan, Treaty of Lisabon, establishment of peace, peace mediation
Abstract
The last peace mediation of the European Economic Community through European Political Cooperation, as well as the operationalization of the European Union’s Common Foreign and Security Policy on 1 Novemeber 1993 in the territory of the former Yugoslavia will be reflected through the Action Plan. (Juppѐ– Kinkel Plan). Such final independent attempt by the EEC/EU to establish and build peace through peace mediation will have its stronghold in legal sources. The effects of peace mediation through the Action Plan will reflect the content and reach of legal sources and resulting mechanisms from the same sources. The failure of the Action Plan will give a new dimension to the CFSP's foreign policy action to establish and build peace among the conflicting parties through peace mediation. Accordingly, as the subject of research in this paper, the author will draw a parallel between 1993 and 2020 from a legal and historical perspective and through comparative, historical and method of analysis, and show whether, after almost three decades, since the last EEC/EU independent peace mediation effort for establishing and building peace in the former Yugoslavia, the EU, despite its desire to be a global factor in establishing and achieving peace in the world in accordance with the content and scope of the Treaty of Lisbon and other legal sources, is able to establish and build peace among the conflicting parties.
References
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Jovanović, Vladislav, Rat koji se mogao izbeći, Nolit, Beograd, 2008.
Juncos E. Ana, Blockmans Steven, „The EU’s role in conflict prevention and peacebuilding: four key challenges“, Global Affairs, Routledge, Volume 4 (2018): 131, https://doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2018.1502619
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Palm,Trineke, Crum, Ben, „Military operations and the EU's identity as an international security actor“, European Security, Vol 28, NO 4, (2019): 514, https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2019.1667769
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IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS, CSDP Missions and Operations, Europan Parliament, January 2020.
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Treaty of Amsterdam amendin the Treaty on European union, the Treaties establishnig the European Communities and certain related acts, OJ EC, C 340/01, 10 November 1997
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Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community [2007] OJ C 306/01
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EU in the World, https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/area/geo_en
EU Missions and Operations As part of the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP):https://www.eca.europa.eu/sites/eca-audit defence/EN/Documents/EU%20Missions%20and%20Operations.pdf
„Gulf Figting Shatters Europeans’ Fragile Unity“, „The New York Times“, 1991.., http://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/25/world/war-in-the-gulf-europe-gulf-fighting-shatters-europeans-fragile-unity.html
Povelja UN-a., https://www.un.org/en/charter-united-nations/
Pregled trenutnih misija i operacija EU-a., https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/430/military-and-civilian-missions-and-operations_en
Ugovor o osnivanju Europske ekonomske zajednice/Ugovor iz Rima., http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/HR/TXT/?uri=CELEX:11957E/TXT
„Ukraine crisis: Geneva talks produce agreement on defusing conflict“. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/17/ukraine-crisis-agreement-us-russia-eu
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United States Department of State, The Breakup of Yugoslavia, 1990–1992, https://history.state.gov/milestones/1989-1992/breakup-yugoslavia
Who's Who, https://ec.europa.eu/fpi/about-fpi/who%E2%80%99s-who_en
Andrassy, Juraj, Bakotić, Božidar, Seršić Maja, Vukas, Budislav. Međunarodno pravo I. Zagreb: Školska knjiga, Zagreb, 2010.
Bergmann, Julian, The European Union as International Mediator, Brokering Stability and Peace in the Neighbourhood, palgrave macmillan, Palgrave studies in European union Politics, Switzerland, 2020.
Bluth, Christoph., Germany and the Future of European Security, Macmillan Press LTD, London, 2000.
Dagen, Tomislav, Pravnopolitički mehanizmi za sprječavanje sukoba i postizanje mira na prostoru bivše Jugoslavije od 1990. – 1995., Doktorska škola Sveučilišta Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, Osijek, 2018., doktorska disertacija
Elgström, Ole, Chaban, Natalia, Knodt, Michèle, Müller, Patrick i Pardo, Sharon, „Perceptions of the EU’s Role in the Ukraine-Russia and the Israel-Palestine Conflicts: A Biased Mediator?“, International Negotiation, Vol 23, Issue 2 (April 2018), DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15718069-23021154
Ginsberg, H. Roy, The European Union in International Politics; baptims by fire, Rowman &Litllefield Publisher, 2001.
Handbook on the Peaceful Settlement of Disputes between States, United Nations, New York, 1992.
Herrberg, Antje, International Peace Mediation: A New Crossroads for the European Union, ur. Philip Vorre, ISIS Europe, ISIS Europe and Geneve Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, 2012.
Herdegen, M., Europsko pravo, Pravni fakultet Sveučilišta u Rijeci, Rijeka, 2002., str. 110. – 135.
Holbrooke, Richard, Završiti rat, Šahinpašić, Sarajevo, 1998.
Jovanović, Vladislav, Rat koji se mogao izbeći, Nolit, Beograd, 2008.
Juncos E. Ana, Blockmans Steven, „The EU’s role in conflict prevention and peacebuilding: four key challenges“, Global Affairs, Routledge, Volume 4 (2018): 131, https://doi.org/10.1080/23340460.2018.1502619
Owen, David, Balkanska odiseja, Hrvatska sveučilišna naklada, Hrvatski institut za povijest, Zagreb, 1998.
Palm,Trineke, Crum, Ben, „Military operations and the EU's identity as an international security actor“, European Security, Vol 28, NO 4, (2019): 514, https://doi.org/10.1080/09662839.2019.1667769
Rudolf, D. ml., Zajednička sigurnosna i obrambena politika Europske unije prema Lisabonskom ugovoru, Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu, god. 51, 3/2014.
Schachinger, Johannes, European External Action Service engagement in mediation and mediation support, Tamminen, T. (ur), Strengthening the EU’s peace mediation capacities Leveraging for peace through new ideas and thinking, Ulkopoliittinen instituutti, Utrikespolitiska institutet, The Finnish institute of international affairs, Helsinki, 2012.
Tardy, Thierry, The European Union and UN Peace Operations: What Global–Regional Peace and Security Partnership in United Nations Peace Operations in a Chaning Global Order, ur: Cedric de Coning, Mateja Peter, palgrave macmillan, 2019.
Väyrynen, Tarja, The higher cause of peace’: what could and should the Nordic countries contribute to the development of conflict mediation in the EU context?, The Nordic countries and the European Security and Defence Policy, edit by Bailes, Alison, J.K, Herolf, Gunilla and Sundelius, Bengt, Oxford University Press, 2006.
Vukadinović, Radovan, Čehulić, Lidija, Politika europskih integracija, Topical, Zagreb, 2005.
EEZ/EU PROPISI
Cologne European Council, Presidency Conclusions. Annex III. [ON-LINE]. [s.l.]: [06.06.2003]. Press: 0 Nr: 150/99
Council of the European Union, Concept on Strengthening EU Mediation and Dialogue Capacities, Brussels, 10 November 2009.
Conclusions of the Helsinki European Council: extract concerning preparations for enlargement (10–11 December 1999.)
Conflict Prevention - Council conclusions, COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Brussels, 20 June 2011.
EPC bulletin, Vol 9, 1993., str. 551., 552.
European Parliament Resolution of 12 March 2019 on building EU capacity on conflict prevention and mediation, [2018] 2159(INI)
European Parliament, Report on the implementation of the common security and defence policy – annual report [2019] 2135(INI)
European Security Strategy/ A SECURE EUROPE IN A BETTER WORLD, COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION Brussels, 8 December 2003, 15895/03
Globalna strategija Europske unije za. vanjsku i sigurnosnu politiku „Zajednička vizija, zajedničko djelovanje: jača Europa“, EU summit 28. lipnja 2016.
IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS, CSDP Missions and Operations, Europan Parliament, January 2020.
Publikacija Europska komisije, Europski instrument mirovne pomoći, 13. lipnja 2018.
Single European Act, Official Journal of the European Communities No L 169, 29. 6. 1987.
Treaty of Amsterdam amendin the Treaty on European union, the Treaties establishnig the European Communities and certain related acts, OJ EC, C 340/01, 10 November 1997
Treaty on European Union, [1992] OJ C 191 Volume 35
Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community [2007] OJ C 306/01
Treaty of Nice amending the Treaty on European Union, the Treaties establishing the European Communities and certain related acts, signed at Nice, 26 February 2001, OJ EC, C 80, Volume 44, 10 March 2001
Uredba (EU) br. 230/2014 Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća. o uspostavi Instrumenta za doprinos stabilnosti i miru [2014] SL L 77
Uredba (EU) 2017/2306 Europskog parlamenta i Vijeća o izmjeni Uredbe (EU) br. 230/2014 o uspostavi Instrumenta za doprinos stabilnosti i miru, [2017] SL L 335/6
MREŽNE STRANICE
Conclusions of the Helsinki European Council: extract concerning preparations for enlargement (10–11 December 1999), https://www.europarl.europa.eu/summits/hel1_en.htm
Conflict Prevention, Peace building and Mediation, https://eeas.europa.eu/topics/conflict-prevention-peace-building-and-mediation/426/conflict-prevention-peace-building-and-mediation_en
European Council in Brussels – 29. October 1993 Presidency Conclusions, https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/DOC_93_7,)
Europski parlament, Zajednička vanjska i sigurnosna politika, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/hr/sheet/159/zajednicka-sigurnosna-i-obrambena-politikaEuropski parlament, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/hr/sheet/6/izvori-i-podrucje-primjene-prava-europske-unije
ESDI, Separable but not separate?, 01 July 2000/ NATO Review. https://www.nato.int/docu/review/articles/2000/07/01/esdi-separable-but-not-separate/index.htm
EU in the World, https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/area/geo_en
EU Missions and Operations As part of the EU’s Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP):https://www.eca.europa.eu/sites/eca-audit defence/EN/Documents/EU%20Missions%20and%20Operations.pdf
„Gulf Figting Shatters Europeans’ Fragile Unity“, „The New York Times“, 1991.., http://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/25/world/war-in-the-gulf-europe-gulf-fighting-shatters-europeans-fragile-unity.html
Povelja UN-a., https://www.un.org/en/charter-united-nations/
Pregled trenutnih misija i operacija EU-a., https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/430/military-and-civilian-missions-and-operations_en
Ugovor o osnivanju Europske ekonomske zajednice/Ugovor iz Rima., http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/HR/TXT/?uri=CELEX:11957E/TXT
„Ukraine crisis: Geneva talks produce agreement on defusing conflict“. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/17/ukraine-crisis-agreement-us-russia-eu
University of Liverpool/The Balkan Odyssey Digital Archive, http://sca-arch.liv.ac.uk/ead/html/gb141boda-p1.shtml#boda.1.05.1.
United States Department of State, The Breakup of Yugoslavia, 1990–1992, https://history.state.gov/milestones/1989-1992/breakup-yugoslavia
Who's Who, https://ec.europa.eu/fpi/about-fpi/who%E2%80%99s-who_en
Published
2021/01/11
Section
Review Paper