Uloga riparijalnih oblasti u invaziji stranih biljnih vrsta
Sažetak
Biološke invazije predstavljaju jednu od odlika koje karakterišu Antropocen. Invazivne vrste uzrokuju niz problema i rezultuju u velikim ekonomskim gubicima na globalnom nivou, čiji se dalji rast očekuje u budućnosti. Riparijalne zone, kao kritične tranzicione oblasti, uprkos tome što pružaju niz ekosistemskih usluga, nalaze se pod uticajem brojnih antropogenih pritisaka, što ih čini posebno podložnim prodoru invazivnih biljaka. Na području Evrope, upravo se riparijalne zone smatraju jednim od najinvazibilnijih tipova staništa. Kao žarišta biljnih invazija, riparijalne zone takođe imaju važnu ulogu i u procesu daljeg širenja invazivnih biljaka u obližnje terestrične ekosisteme. Različiti tipovi narušavanja, prirodni (poplave) i veštački (npr. hidromorfološke modifikacije), uz snažan pritisak propagula kome su ove oblasti izložene, povećavaju invazibilnost ovih oblasti. Imajući u vidu njihov ekološki značaj i podložnost prodoru invazivnih vrsta, zaštita i restoracija riparijalnih zona je od posebnog značaja u svetlu klimatskih promena. Kako bi se očuvale i povratile ekosistemske usluge i biodiverzitet riparijalnih oblasti, neophodno je sprovoditi kontrolu stranih invazivnih biljaka. Uspeh restoracijskih mera i aktivnosti kontrole invazivnih vrsta zavisi od niza činilaca, poput vremena introdukcije invazivnih vrsta (residence time) i posledica njihovog prisustva u tom periodu (legacy effect). Takođe, različiti faktori životne sredine i faktori koji utiču na uspeh procesa invazije moraju se uzeti u obzir, jer potencijalno mogu narušiti uspeh mera restoracije. Na kraju, kako bi proces restoracije bio uspešan, on zavisi i od uključivanja svih zainteresovanih strana i njihovog razumevanja značaja sprečavanja prodora i rešavanja problema invazivnih biljaka.
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