Biokompatibilni nekovalentni kompleksi hitozana sa različitim polimerima: svojstva i primena kao nosača lekovitih supstanci
Sažetak
Formulacija biokompatibilnih nosača lekovitih supstanci na bazi katjonskog biopolimera hitozana i prirodnih ili sintetskih polimera predstavlja značajan istraživački interes. Stoga je cilj ovog rada sagledati njihovu potencijalnu primenu kao nosača lekovitih supstanci. Najistraženije blende polimera na bazi hitozana su polielektrolitni kompleksi (PEK) dobijeni uspostavljanjem jonskih interakcija sa biokompatibilnim polianjonima, npr. alginatom, pektinom, ksantan gumom, karagenanom, karboksimetilcelulozom i kolagenom. U zavisnosti od uslova pripreme, mogu se formulisati PEK u vidu membrana/filmova, hidrogelnih perli, nanočestica, mikročestica ili drugih tipova nosača, sa ciljem postizanja kontrolisanog (npr. produženog, odloženog, kolon-specifičnog i pH-zavisnog) oslobađanja lekovitih supstanci. PEK su pogodni za inkapsulaciju hidrofilnih ili lipofilnih lekovitih supstanci različitih molekulskih masa. Inkapsulacija obezbeđuje očuvanje njihove strukture, aktivnosti, poboljšanje apsorpcije, smanjenje štetnih efekata i dugoročnu stabilnost in vitro i in vivo. Biokompatibilne strukture nalik kompleksima na bazi hitozana mogu se formirati i uspostavljanjem vodoničnih veza, kao što je slučaj sa polivinil alkoholom. Njihovo bubrenje ne zavisi od pH. Inkapsulirane lekovite supstance se najčešće oslobađaju prema nekom od već poznatih tipova difuzije. Dodatno, različiti derivati hitozana (npr. karboksimetilhitozan, trimetilhitozan, akril derivati hitozana) sintetisani su radi poboljšanja rastvorljivosti polimera u vodi u širokom opsegu pH i povećanja kapaciteta za inkapsulaciju lekovitih supstanci tako dobijenih PEK, koji takođe predstavljaju obećavajuće nosače.
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