Cirkulišuće nekodirajuće RNK kao biomarkeri u koronarnoj arterijskoj bolesti
Sažetak
Koronarna arterijska bolest (KAB) predstavlja vodeći uzrok smrtnosti širom sveta. Osnovni patološki proces koji karakteriše KAB je ateroskleroza, koju odlikuju različiti patofiziološki mehanizmi kao što su progresivna inflamacija, poremećen metabolizam lipida, oksidativni stres, itd. Aterosklerotski plak sužava lumen koronarnih arterija, što dovodi do nastanka ishemijskih promena na srčanom mišiću, posledično dovodeći do kliničkih komplikacija ove bolesti, kao što je akutni infarkt miokarda. Trenutno ne postoje biomarkeri koji bi mogli da predvide sudbinu aterosklerotskog plaka, kao ni razvoj akutnih koronarnih događaja ili razvoj velikih uznapredovalih kardiovaskularnih događaja. Mnogobrojne vrste nekodirajućih RNK molekula utiču na osnovne ćelijske funkcije i kao takve igraju ulogu u nastanku i progresiji KAB. Do sada su od svih vrsta nekodirajućih RNK-a najviše istražene mikro RNK-a (miRNK) i dugolančane nekodirajuće RNK-a (dnkRNK). Uzimajući u obzir da nekodirajuće RNK-a dospevaju u ekstracelularnu tečnost iz različitih ćelija, trenutno se veliki napori ulažu u ispitivanje mogućnosti upotrebe cirkulišuih nekodirajućih RNK-a kao potencijalnih biomarkera u dijagnostici i prognostici KAB. U ovom naučno-istraživačkom članku sažećemo trenutna saznanja o molekularnim mehanizmima preko kojih miRNK i dnkRNK doprinose razvoju KAB, kao i o potencijalnoj primeni ovih molekula kao budućih biomarkera u dijagnozi i prognozi ove bolesti.
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