Fitoterapija akutnih infekcija gornjih respiratornih puteva kod dece
Sažetak
Akutne infekcije gornjeg respiratornog trakta (IGRT) su najrasprostranjenije infekcije u populaciji, a posebno kod dece. Najčešće su virusnog porekla i spontano se povlače nakon približno nedelju dana. Bakterijske IGRT su ređe i uglavnom je reč o superinfekcijama akutnih virusnih infekcija. Terapija IGRT je simptomatska i usmerena ka ublažavanju kašlja, održavanju prohodnosti disajnih puteva i sprečavanju progresije oboljenja. Ukoliko nisu prisutni razlozi za upućivanje lekaru, roditelji treba da primenjuju opšte mere i pokušaju da ublaže simptome kašlja, bola u grlu i nazalne simptome primenom biljnih lekovitih proizvoda. Kod produktivnog kašlja, koriste se biljni ekspektoransi kao što su, na primer, ekstrakti Hederae helicis folium, u cilju olakšanja eliminacije mukusa. S druge strane, demulcentna sredstva (Althaeae radix, Plantaginis lanceolatae folium) ublažavaju suv kašalj smanjenjem lokalne iritacije. Med značajno smanjuje učestalost i težinu epizoda akutnog kašlja. Nazalni simptomi i bol u grlu se mogu ublažiti primenom biljnih lekovitih proizvoda na bazi ekstrakata Sisymbrii officinalis herba, Pelargonii radix i Origani majoranae herba. Ukoliko tokom nedelju dana primene ne dođe do poboljšanja stanja, potrebno je potražiti savet lekara.
Reference
Meneghetti A. Upper Respiratory Tract Infections [Internet]. Medscape Reference: Drugs, Diseases & Procedures [updated 2020 Sep 11; cited 2022 Apr 27]. Available from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/302460-overview.
Peroš-Golubičić T, Tekavec-Trkanjec J. Upper respiratory tract infections. In: Blasi F, Dimipoulos G, editors. Textbook of Respiratory and Critical Care Infections. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers; 2015; p. 16-29.
Škodrić-Trifunović V, Pilipović N, Stefanović B. Lečenje vanbolničkih pneumonija primenom savremenih terapijskih vodiča [Treatment of community-acquired pneumonia using the modern therapeutical guides]. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2006;63(11):967–70. (in Serbian).
Simoes EAF, Cherian T, Chow J, Shahid-Salles SA, Laxminarayan R, John TJ. Acute Respiratory Infections in Children. [Internet]. In: Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, et al., editors. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. 2nd edition. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2006 [cited 2022 Apr 27]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK11786/.
Tesini BL. Common Cold - MSD Manual Professional Edition [Internet]. MSD Manual Professional Edition [updated 2022 Apr; cited 2022 Apr 27]. Available from: https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/infectious-diseases/respiratory-viruses/common-cold.
Savić MM. Farmakoterapija prehlade i gripa [Pharmacotherapy of the common cold and influenza]. Arh Farm. 2011;61:152–64. (in Serbian).
Horvat O, Mijatović V, Milijasević B, Tomas A, Kusturica MP, Tomić Z, et al. Are There Striking Differences in Outpatient Use of Antibiotics Between South Backa District, Serbia, and Some Scandinavian Countries? Front Public Health. 2018;6:91.
Paut Kusturica M, Tomić Z, Bukumirić Z, Horvat O, Pavlović N, Mikov M, et al. Antibiotics in Serbian households: a source of potential health and environmental threats? Cent Eur J Public Health. 2015;23(2):114–18.
Horvat O, Mihajlović Ukropina M, Mijatović V, Sabo A. Susceptibility of common bacterial respiratory pathogens to antimicrobial agents in outpatients from South Backa District. Med Pregl. 2014; LXVII(3-4):71–7.
Petrović S, Maksimović Z. Biljni lekovi za respiratorna oboljenja kod dece [Herbal medicines for respiratory ailments in paediatric practice]. Arh farm. 2005;55:410–19. (in Serbian)
Miljković B, Vezmar Kovačević S, Vučićević K, Jovanović M, Kovačević M, Ćulafić M. Smernice za farmaceute u primarnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti [Guidelines for pharmacists in primary health care]. [Internet]. Belgrade: University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Association of Serbia; 2021 [cited 2022 Apr 27]. (in Serbian). Available from: https://www.farmkom.rs/smernice.php.
Savić M, Milinković M. Infekcije gornjih respiratornih puteva i alergijski rinitis [Infections of upper respiratory tract and allergic rhinitis]. In: Ugrešić N, Stepanović-Petrović R, Savić M, editors. Pharmacotherapy for pharmacists, First edition. Belgrade: University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy; 2011; p. 187-209. (in Serbian).
European Medicinal Agency. EMA/HMPC/325716/2017. Final: European Union herbal monograph on Hedera helix L., folium. London, 2017 Nov 21.
European Medicinal Agency. EMA/HMPC/104095/2012. Final: Community herbal monograph on Primula veris L. and/or Primula elatior (L.) Hill, radix. London, 2012 Sep 19.
European Medicinal Agency. EMA/HMPC/342332/2013. Final: Community herbal monograph on Thymus vulgaris L. and Thymus zygis L., herba. London, 2013 Nov 12.
European Medicinal Agency. EMA/HMPC/59032/2017. European Union herbal monograph on Thymus vulgaris L., Thymus zygis L., aetheroleum. Final – Revision 1. Amsterdam, 2020 Jul 8.
European Medicines Agency. EMA/HMPC/892618/2011. Final: Community herbal monograph on Eucalyptus globulus Labill., folium. London, 2013 Apr 15.
European Medicines Agency. EMA/HMPC/307781/2012. Final: Community herbal monograph on Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Eucalyptus polybractea R.T. Baker and/or Eucalyptus smithii R.T. Baker, aetheroleum. London, 2014 Mar 25.
European Medicines Agency. EMA/HMPC/436679/2015. Final: European Union herbal monograph on Althaea officinalis L., radix. London, 2016 Jul 12.
European Medicines Agency. EMA/HMPC/749510/2016. Final: European Union herbal monograph on Malva sylvestris L. and/or Malva neglecta Wallr., folium. London, 2018 Nov 20.
European Medicines Agency. EMA/HMPC/749511/2016. Final: European Union herbal monograph on Malva sylvestris L., flos. London, 2018 Nov 20.
European Medicines Agency. EMA/HMPC/437858/2010 Corr. Final: Community herbal monograph on Plantago lanceolata L., folium. London, 2014 Jan 28.
European Medicines Agency. EMA/HMPC/678891/2013. Final: European Union herbal monograph on Cetraria islandica (L.) Acharius s.l., thallus. London, 2014 Nov 24.
European Medicinal Agency. EMA/HMPC/325715/2017. Final: Assessment report on Hedera helix L., folium. London, 2017 Nov 21.
Kraft K. Verträglichkeit von Efeublättertrockenextrakt im Kindesalter. Zeitschr Phytother. 2004;25:179-181.
European Medicines Agency. Doc. Ref.: EMA/HMPC/84990/2015 Corr.; Final: European Union herbal monograph on Thymus vulgaris L. or Thymus zygis L., herba and Primula veris L. or Primula elatior (L.) Hill, radix. London, 2016 Apr 5.
European Medicines Agency. Doc. Ref.: EMA/HMPC/85124/2015; Final: Assessment report on Thymus vulgaris L. or Thymus zygis L., herba and Primula veris L. or Primula elatior (L.) Hill, radix. London, 2016 Apr 5.
ESCOP Monograph 2nd Ed. Thymi herba. ESCOP (ESCOP 2003).
European Medicinal Agency. EMA/HMPC/52980/2017 Final – Revision 1: Assessment report on Thymus vulgaris L., Thymus zygis L., aetheroleum. Amsterdam, 2020 Jul 8.
European Medicinal Agency. EMA/HMPC/892615/2011. Assessment report on Eucalyptus globulus Labill., folium. London, 2013 Apr 15.
Chandorkar N, Tambe S, Amin P, Madankar C. A systematic and comprehensive review on current understanding of the pharmacological actions, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications of the genus Eucalyptus. Phytomedicine Plus. 2021;1(4):100089.
Schmidgall J, Schnetz E, Hensel A. Evidence for bio adhesive effects of polysaccharides and polysaccharide-containing herbs in an ex vivo bioadhesion assay on buccal membranes. Planta Medica. 2000;66:48-53.
European Medicinal Agency. EMA/HMPC/436680/2015. Final: Assessment report on Althaea officinalis L., radix. London, 2016 Jul 12.
Fasse M, Zieseniss E, Bässler D. Dry irritating cough in children – a post-marketing surveillance involving marshmallow syrup. Praktische Pädiatrie. 2005;11:3-8.
Bässler D. Retrospective observational study of the application of Phytohustil® syrup for children up to 12 years of age unpublished study. Steigerwald Arzneimittelwerk GmbH; 2005.
European Medicines Agency. EMA/HMPC/437859/2010. Final: Assessment report on Plantago lanceolata L., folium. London, 2011 Nov 22.
European Medicines Agency. EMA/HMPC/437858/2010 Corr. Final: Community herbal monograph on Plantago lanceolata L., folium. London, 2014 Jan 28.
Hecker M, Völp A. Verträglichkeit von Isländisch-Moos-Pastillen bei Erkrankungen der oberen Atemwege-multizentrische Anwendungsbeobachtung mit 3143 Kindern. Forsch Komp Klas Nat. 2004;11(2):76-82.
European Medicinal Agency. EMA/HMPC/36866/2014. Assessment report on Cetraria islandica (L.) Acharius s.l., thallus. London, 2014 Nov 24.
European Medicines Agency. EMA/HMPC/280193/2013. Final: European Union herbal monograph on Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop., herba. London, 2014 Sep 30.
European Medicines Agency. EMA/HMPC/444244/2015. Final: European Union herbal monograph on Pelargonium sidoides DC and/or Pelargonium reniforme Curt., radix. London, 2018 Jun 5.
European Medicinal Agency. EMA/HMPC/166517/2015. Final: European Union herbal monograph on Origanum majorana L., herba. London, 2016 Sep 20.
Kamin W, Maydannik VG, Malek FA, Kieser M. Efficacy and tolerability of EPs 7630 in patients (aged 6-18 years old) with acute bronchitis. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical dose-finding study. Acta Paediatr. 2010a;99:537-43.
Kamin W, Maydannik VG, Malek FA, Kieser M. Efficacy and tolerability of EPs 7630 in children and adolescents with acute bronchitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multi-center trial with a herbal drug preparation from Pelargonium sidoides roots. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2010b;48:184-191
Blochin B, Haidvogl M, Heger M. Umckaloabo im Vergleich zu Acetylcystein bei Kindern mit acuter Bronchitis: prospective, randomisierte, kontrollierte, offene Studie zur Wirksamkeit und Vertraglichkeit. Der Kassenarzt. 1999;49:46-50
European Medicinal Agency. EMA/HMPC/444251/2015. Assessment report on Pelargonium sidoides DC and/or Pelargonium reniforme Curt., radix. London, 2018 Jun 5.
European Medicinal Agency. EMA/HMPC/522410/2013. Final – Revision 1: European Union herbal monograph on Mentha x piperita L., aetheroleum. Amsterdam, 2020 Jan 15.
European Medicinal Agency. EMA/HMPC/55843/2011. Final: European Union herbal monograph on Matricaria recutita L., flos. London, 2015 Jul 7.
European Medicinal Agency. EMA/HMPC/337066/2011. Final: Community herbal monograph on Tilia cordata Miller, Tilia platyphyllos Scop., Tilia x vulgaris Heyne or their mixtures, flos. London, 2012 May 22.
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [Internet]. Public Health England. Cough (acute): antimicrobial prescribing. NICE guideline; 2019 Feb 7 [cited 2022 Apr 27]. Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng120.
Oduwole O, Udoh EE, Oyo‐Ita A, Meremikwu MM. Honey for acute cough in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;4(4):CD007094.
Eccles R. Mechanisms of the placebo effect of sweet cough syrups. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2006;152(3):340-48.
Eccles R. The Powerful Placebo Effect in Cough: Relevance to Treatment and Clinical Trials. Lung. 2020;198(1):13-21.
Goldman RD. Honey for treatment of cough in children. Can Fam Physician. 2014;60(12):1107-10.
- Autori zadržavaju autorska prava i pružaju časopisu pravo prvog objavljivanja rada i licenciraju ga "Creative Commons Attribution licencom" koja omogućava drugima da dele rad, uz uslov navođenja autorstva i izvornog objavljivanja u ovom časopisu.
- Autori mogu izraditi zasebne, ugovorne aranžmane za neekskluzivnu distribuciju članka objavljenog u časopisu (npr. postavljanje u institucionalni repozitorijum ili objavljivanje u knjizi), uz navođenje da je članak izvorno objavljen u ovom časopisu.
- Autorima je dozvoljeno i podstiču se da postave objavljeni članak onlajn (npr. u institucionalni repozitorijum ili na svoju internet stranicu) pre ili tokom postupka prijave rukopisa, s obzirom da takav postupak može voditi produktivnoj razmeni ideja i ranijoj i većoj citiranosti objavljenog članka (Vidi Efekti otvorenog pristupa).