Advanced approaches for selective investigation of neuronal function and circuitry: the future of developing novel therapeutic strategies in neuropharmacology?

Srdjan Joksimović; Sonja Joksimović

doi:10.5937/arhfarm73-43104

Srdjan Joksimović Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Neurology and CHOP Research Institute
Sonja Joksimović University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Neurology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm73-43104

Ključne reči: Neuronauka, istraživanje, elektrofiziologija, optogenetika, hemogenetika

Sažetak

Napredak u savremenim tehnikama i metodama u oblasti neuronauka poslednjih godina doveo je do nove ere u istraživanjima neuronske funkcije sa do sada nezabeleženom selektivnošću i visokom vremenskom rezolucijom. Jedna od najvažnijih karakteristika ovih tehničkih dostignuća jeste ciljana manipulacija grupa neurona i/ili neuronskih kola u mozgu zdravih i obolelih jedinki. Iako su inicijalno ovi pristupi bili dizajnirani kao alati koji bi trebalo da pomognu istraživačima da bolje razumeju mehanizme koji leže u osnovi neurnoske aktivnosti i složenog ponašanja, oni bi mogli ubrzati put ka farmakološkim otkrićima u mnogim neuronaučnim oblastima, dok neki pristupi mogu potencijalno služiti i kao nove terapijske strategije. Primena različitih elektrofizioloških tehnika se i dalje smatra krucijalnom u istraživanjima funkcije i farmakologije jonskih kanala, kao i u ispitivanjima promena moždane aktivnosti na nivou neuronskih kola. Najsavremenije metode za ispitivanje funkcije mozga uključuju opto- i hemogenetiku kod životinja koje nesmetano ispoljavaju svoje ponašanje. Oba pristupa omogućavaju kontrolisanje neuronske aktivnosti sa visokom selektivnošću primenom svetlosne stimulacije (optogenetika) ili korišćenjem hemijskog liganda (hemogenetika), kako u eksperimentima sa gubitkom, tako i u onim sa pojačanjem funkcije. Ovaj pregledni rad ima za cilj da sumira najnovije naučne dokaze i pruži relevantne informacije o navedenim savremenim pristupima uzimajući u obzir ne samo ugao sagledavanja akademskih ustanova, već i farmaceutske industrije.

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Savremene metode za selektivno ispitivanje funkcije neurona i neuronskih kola: budućnost razvoja novih terapijskih pristupa u neurofarmakologiji?

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