Interakcija vitamina i mikrobiote creva kao ključni faktor u održavanju imunske homeostaze u gastrointestinalnom traktu
Sažetak
Mikrobiota creva predstavlja raznovrstan ekosistem mikroorganizama uključujući proteobakterije, bakterije, viruse, gljive, protiste i arheje. Ovi mikroorganizmi učestvuju u sintezi vitamina, regulaciji imunskog sistema, produkciji neurotransmitera, metabolizmu lekova, kao i komunikaciji sa centralnim nervnim sistemom. Nedavna istraživanja pokazala su da dizbioza mikrobiote creva može dovesti do razvoja različitih hroničnih bolesti kod ljudi. Ispitivanje uticaja sastava mikrobiote creva na opšte zdravlje pruža uvid u nove pristupe u lečenju inflamatornih bolesti i razvoj inovativnih terapeutika. Jedna od ključnih uloga mikrobiote creva ogleda se u sintezi vitamina B grupe, za koje je pokazano da ispoljavaju imumodulatorna svojstva. S druge strane, određene bakterije mikrobiote creva metabolišu vitamine B grupe direktno iz hrane, što ih u potrebi za B vitaminima stavlja u konkurentni odnos sa ćelijama domaćina. Zbog toga, dostupnost vitamina B u ishrani može uticati na sastav mikrobiote creva, a samim tim i na održavanje imunske homeostaze. Ishrana predstavlja ključni modulator kako sastava, tako i funkcionalnih svojstava mikrobiote creva čiji se profil značajno razlikuje među individuama. Međutim, neophodna su dodatna istraživanja kako bi se razumela kompleksna interakcija između mikrobiote creva, B vitamina i mehanizama imunskog odgovora. Ovaj tip istraživanja može doprineti razvoju inovativnih terapeutskih strategija za širok spektar inflamatornih bolesti ljudi.
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