Polifenoli kao nova klasa prebiotika za manipulaciju crevne mikrobiote
Sažetak
Raznovrsna zajednica mikroorganizama kolonizuje naš intestinalni trakt, u kom formira složene interakcije i proizvodi signalne molekule koji mogu uticati na ljudske fiziološke procese. Unutrašnji faktori i faktori životne sredine utiču na obrazovanje strukture mikrobnog ekosistema. Mešu njima, ishrana predstavlja ključni faktor koji utiče na formiranje crevne mikrobiote. Epidemija nezaraznih hroničnih bolesti povezana je sa zapadnjačkim načinom ishrane koji može negativno uticati na crevnu mikrobiotu i uzrokovati stanje disbioze. Dijetarnim intervencijama i primenom probiotika i prebiotika moguće je ponovo uspostaviti ravnotežu u strukturi mikrobiote. Fenolna jedinjenja, koja predstavljaju biljne nutraceutike i mogu se podeliti na fenolne kiseline i polifenole, ispoljavaju prebiotski efekat i mogu sprečiti nastanak brojnih patologija. Pored direktnih pozitivnih dejstava na stanje čoveka, efekti fenolnih jedinjenja mogu se ostvariti i kroz njihovu interakciju sa crevnom mikrobiotom, Nedavno je uočen dvosmerni odnos između crevne mikrobiote i fenolnih jedinjenja, u kom su mikroorganizmi uključeni u metabolizam fenolnih jedinjenja, dok fenolna jedinjenja mogu uticati na strukturu mikrobiote selektivnom stimulativnom ili inhibitornom aktivnošću prema rastu mikrobnih članova. U ovom preglednom radu biće dat uvid u povezanosti crevne mikrobiote i fenolnih jedinjenja, sa fokusom na primenu fenolnih jedinjenja u cilju modifikacije crevne mikrobiote i održavanja zdravlja.
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