Dijetarne intervencije kod gojaznosti: pregledni rad
Sažetak
Prema podacima Svetske zdravstvene organizacije, 2022. godine je oko 890 miliona odraslih i 160 miliona dece i adolescenata širom sveta bilo gojazno, što daje povoda za značajnu zabrinutost za javno zdravlje. Gojaznost nastaje usled prekomernog unosa i smanjene potrošnje kalorija tokom dužeg vremenskog perioda, a manifestuje se uvećanjem masnog tkiva, telesne težine i pojavom metaboličkih poremećaja. Tretman gojaznosti podrazumeva promene u načinu ishrane i stilu života. Dijete sa ograničenim unosom kalorija i zamene za obroke se često preporučuju za postizanje gubitka telesne težine i smanjenje ukupnog unosa energije. Dijete obuhvataju ishranu sa niskim sadržajem ugljenih hidrata, dijetu sa niskim sadržajem masti ili visokoproteinsku dijetu. Pored toga, poslednjih godina se sve više ispituje uticaj mediteranske ishrane i dijetetskih vlakana u regulaciji telesne težine. Dijetetski proizvodi namenjeni regulaciji telesne težine dizajnirani su da zamene obroke i nude opcije za pojedince koji žele da redukuju telesnu masu. Pojavljuju se personalizovani pristupi ishrani koji se fokusiraju na individualne potrebe, genetske faktore i sastav crevne mikrobiote kako bi se optimizovali zdravstveni ishodi. Iako personalizovana ishrana ima sve veću primenu u nutritivnoj terapiji, potrebna su dalja istraživanja kako bi se bolje razumela njena efikasnost kod pacijenata sa gojaznošću.
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