The Značaj mikrobne fermentacije za dugoročne zdravstvene efekte ishrane bogate proteinima
Sažetak
Proteini su značajni makronutrijenti sa nizom dokazanih pozitivnih efekata na zdravlje. Danas je ishrana bogata proteinima široko primenjivana, naročito u cilju dostizanja i održavanje zdrave telesne mase. Iako se povezuje sa pozitivnim zdravstvenim efektima, dugoročna ishrana bazirana na visokom sadržaju proteina je zapravo povezana sa više oboljenja i sa kraćim životnim vekom. Negativni zdravstveni efekti proteinskih dijeta su, makar delimično, posredovani aktivnošću mikrobnih metabolita dobijenih fermentacijom proteina. Naime, sve nesvarene komponente hrane se u debelom crevu fermentišu od strane crevne mikrobiote. S obzirom na to da su bočni ostaci aminokiselina hemijski raznovrsni, nesvareni proteini obezbeđuju složenu smešu supstrata za mikrobnu fermentaciju. Korišćenjem različitih aminokiselina, mikrobiota može da proizvede toksična, genotoksična i kancerogena jedinjenja, ali i metabolite koji ometaju signalizaciju insulina ili kompromituju kardiovaskularno zdravlje. Postoje naučni dokazi da mikrobni metaboliti više aminokiselina mogu doprineti razvoju kardiovaskularnih bolesti i raka, tj. bolesti koje su povezane sa ishranom bogatom proteinima. Iako su metabolički proizvodi mikrobiote u principu korisni i komplementarni ljudskom metabolizmu, kada je sastav ishrane neuravnotežen (npr. kada su proteini prisutni u prevelikoj količini) aktivnost mikrobiote se menja i dolazi do proizvodnje štetnih produkata. Imajući navedeno u vidu, neophodno je da se pri osmišljavanju zdrave ishrane u obzir uzme i aktivnost crevne mikrobiote.
Reference
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