Faktori virulencije Staphylococcus aureus i njihov značaj u infekcijama povezanim sa biofilmom
Sažetak
Staphylococcus aureus kolonizuje kožu i sluzokožu kod približno 30% zdravih osoba, ali je takođe važan patogen, prvenstveno zbog brojnih faktora virulencije koji značajno doprinose njegovoj sposobnosti da izazove različite infekcije. Ovi faktori uključuju površinske proteine, koji promovišu adheziju za tkiva domaćina i enzime i toksine koji oštećuju ćelije i tkiva domaćina. Važni faktori virulencije kao što su protein A, koji se vezuje za antitela i izbegava prepoznavanje od strane imunskog sistema, i različiti egzotoksini, kao što su alfa-toksin i Panton-Valentin leukocidin, koji izazivaju lizu ćelija i nekrozu tkiva, igraju ključnu ulogu u patogenezi bolesti. Sposobnost S. aureus da formira biofilm na medicinskim uređajima i implantima dovodi do perzistentnih infekcija koje su otporne na terapiju. Biofilm predstavlja organizovanu zajednicu bakterijskih ćelija koje su uronjene u ekstracelularni polimerni matriks vezan za biotsku ili abiotsku površinu. Infekcije udružene sa stvaranjem biofilma, kao što su infekcije udružene sa primenom medicinskih uređaja i implantata (kateteri, veštački zglobovi, srčani zalisci, intravaskularni kateteri) ili tkiva (hronični rinosinusitis, hronične rane, endokarditis i osteomijelitis), predstavljaju značajan terapijski problem. Razumevanje molekulskih mehanizama virulencije je ključno za razvoj ciljane terapije i preventivnih mera za efikasnu borbu protiv infekcija izazvanih bakterijom S. aureus.
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