The Placebo Effect in Mental Health: Psychological, Neurobiological, and Ethical Aspects

Jakša Dubljanin; Aleksandar Radlović; Nemanja Nenezić; Emir Biševac; Elvis Mahmutović; Teodora Safiye

doi:10.5937/arhfarm76-61024

Jakša Dubljanin Univerzitet u Kragujevcu - Fakultet medicinskih nauka, Kragujevac, Serbia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5767-7798
Aleksandar Radlović Univerzitet u Kragujevcu - Fakultet medicinskih nauka, Kragujevac, Serbia https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2721-0469
Nemanja Nenezić Akademija vaspitačko-medicinskih strukovnih studija Kruševac, Odsek Ćuprija, Ćuprija, Srbija
Emir Biševac Državni univerzitet u Novom Pazaru, Departman za biomedicinske nauke, Novi Pazar, Srbija https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3762-5456
Elvis Mahmutović Državni univerzitet u Novom Pazaru, Departman za biomedicinske nauke, Novi Pazar, Srbija https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1849-868X
Teodora Safiye Državni univerzitet u Novom Pazaru, Departman za psihologiju, Novi Pazar, Srbija https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9297-8449

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/arhfarm76-61024

Ključne reči: placebo efekat, neurobiološki aspekti, psihološki mehanizmi, mentalno zdravlje, psihoterapija

Sažetak

Placebo efekat je psihobiološki fenomen u kojem očekivanja pacijenta, prethodna iskustva i socijalni kontekst utiču na zdravstvene ishode, čak i kada tretman nema farmakološki aktivni sastojak. Ključni mehanizmi uključuju očekivanja, verbalnu sugestiju, klasično uslovljavanje i socijalno-kontekstualne faktore, podržane neurobiološkim procesima koji uključuju endogene opioide, dopamin i povezane moždane puteve. U mentalnom zdravlju i psihoterapiji placebo efekti su posebno značajni, jer odnos terapeut–pacijent, empatija i verovanje u tretman mogu značajno poboljšati ishode. Etički prihvatljive primene, poput otvorenog placeba i placeba za produženo doziranje, očuvavaju autonomiju pacijenta dok koriste očekivanja i učenje za unapređenje kliničkih rezultata. Prepoznavanje i integracija placebo mehanizama u kliničku praksu naglašava interakciju psiholoških, neurobioloških i etičkih faktora, pružajući holistički pristup lečenju i poboljšavajući terapijske rezultate kod stanja kao što su depresija, anksioznost i hronični bol.

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Placebo efekat u mentalnom zdravlju: psihološki, neurobiološki i etički aspekti

Sažetak

Reference