Fenomen približavanja modelu: intrigantni oblik konstrukcione apraksije

Viktor Pavlović; Aleksandra Parojčić; Aleksandra Pavlović

doi:10.5937/engrami44-37649

Viktor Pavlović Institut za mentalno zdravlje, Beograd, Srbija
Aleksandra Parojčić Institut za mentalno zdravlje, Odeljenje za epilepsije i kliničku neurofiziologiju „Prof. dr Dragoslav Ercegovac“, Beograd, Srbija
Aleksandra Pavlović Fakultet za specijalnu edukaciju i rehabilitaciju, Univerzitet u Beogradu

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/engrami44-37649

Ključne reči: konstrukciona apraksija, egzekutivne funkcije, demencija, pažnja

Sažetak

Fenomen približavanja modelu odnosi se na tendenciju da se zadati model kopira njemu veoma blizu ili preko njega. Ovaj fenomen klasično se shvata kao vid konstrukcione apraksije koji se javlja pri zadacima grafomotornog kopiranja ili pri gestualnim imitacijama. Njegovo ispoljavanje na neuropsihološkim testovima uzima se kao neurokognitivni indikator demencija, a najčešće kao indikator Alchajmerove demencije. Međutim, iako visoko specifičan znak za ovu vrstu demencije, savremena literatura upućuje na zaključak da ovaj fenomen svakako nije patognomoničan za Alchajmerovu bolest, već da se javlja u širokom spektru neurokognitivnih poremećaja sa ili bez demencije. Iako je naša stručna javnost upoznata sa fenomenom približavanja modelu, do sada se o njemu nije na sistematičan način izlagalo. Iz tog razloga, osim diskusije o značaju približavanja modelu u kliničkoj praksi, rad objedinjuje i kritički analizira dosadašnja saznanja u vezi sa fenomenom. U radu autori diskutuju: (1) Istorijski razvoj i konceptualizacija fenomena; (2) Neuroanatomski korelati fenomena; (3) Hipoteza o kompenzaciji; (4) Hipoteza o atrakciji.

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