Kada saosećajnost postane pretnja:  razlozi otpora klijenata prema terapeutskoj podršci

Matija  Gvozden

doi:10.5937/engrami47-62372

Matija Gvozden .

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/engrami47-62372

Ključne reči: fear of compassion, shame, self-criticism, compassion-focused therapy

Sažetak

Saosećanje predstavlja jedan od najznačajnijih činilaca terapijskog odnosa. Možemo ga definisati kao bazičnu brižnosti, sa dubokom svesnošću o sopstvenoj i tuđoj patnji, koja je praćena željom i naporima da se ona ublaži. Cilj rada je razmatranje doprinosećih faktora faktora i efikasnih strategija za upravljanje strahovima, psihološkim blokadama, i otporima koji sprečavaju klijente da prime brigu i saosećanje od strane terapeuta, pristupajući dominantno iz ugla Terapije fokusirane na saosećanje. Rad se fokusira na klijente koji su traumatizovani tokom detinjstva, i koji često zbog toga pokazuju teškoće da prime ili prihvate podršku terapeuta zbog dubokog uticaja traume na poverenje, vezivanje i bazična uverenja o drugima. U radu ćemo se najpre baviti razmatranjem koncepta saosećanja, nakon čega ćemo preći na diskusiju različitih prepreka razvoju saosećanja, uključujući ulogu uverenja klijenta da ne zaslužuje da dobije brigu i toplinu, sumnje u terapeutove namere, strahove od sopstvene emocionalne ranjivosti, itd. Predstavićemo takođe strategije prevazilaženja strahova, blokova i otpora saosećanju koje uključuju: razvoj saosećajnog odnosa u terapijskom okruženju, psihoedukaciju o funkciji saosećanja, rad na uverenjima koja blokiraju saosećanje, rad na postizanju fiziološke smirenosti i ukotvljenosti u sadašnjost, saosećajnu imaginaciju i rad sa stidom i ranim razvojnim traumama. Razumevanje i validacija otpora nisu prepreka već ključan deo terapijskog procesa koji omogućava klijentu da postepeno razvije sposobnost i voljnost da prihvati toplinu i brigu od strane drugih. Rad na otporu unutar terapijskog procesa otvara prostor za razvoj kapaciteta da klijent pruži saosećanje samom sebi i drugim osobama, čime se postiže unapređenje emocionalne regulacije.

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