ZABRANA KONKURENCIJE U UGOVORU O RADU - (NE)OPRAVDANO OGRANIČENJE SLOBODE RADA

  • Mina Kuzminac advokatska kanvelarija Gecić Law
Ključne reči: zabrana konkurencije, ugovor o radu, vernost poslodavcu, sloboda rada, prinudni rad.

Sažetak


Autorka u radu analizira normativne i praktične aspekte radnopravnog instituta zabrane konkurencije. Hipoteza postavljena u radu jeste da, iako radno pravo treba da poznaje institut zabrane konkurencije, postoji potreba da se u većoj meri ograniči unošenje zabrane konkurencije u ugovor o radu (naročito za period posle prestanka radnog odnosa), kako ne bi došlo do neopravdanog ograničenja slobode rada zaposlenih. Cilj rada je da izloži prednosti i mane zabrane konkurencije iz (suprotstavljenih) perspektiva poslodavca i zaposlenog, te da ukaže na to koje odredbe u domaćem pravnom okviru je potencijalno neophodno revidirati kako ne bi dolazilo do zloupotrebe zabrane konkurencije od strane poslodavaca u praksi. Rad sadrži analizu rešenja domaćeg radnog zakonodavstva i kratak pregled rešenja iz određenih država Evropske unije koja mogu biti smernica za izmene i dopune domaćeg zakonodavstva, kao i analizu rezultata istraživanja sprovedenog putem upitnika koja pokazuje da zaposleni nisu u dovoljnoj meri upoznati sa institutom zabrane konkurencije. Konačno, autorka je sprovela i intervju sa respondenatima koji su imali ili imaju zabranu konkurencije u ugovoru o radu. Na osnovu intervjua se može zaključiti da zaposleni pristaju na klauzulu zabrane konkurencije u strahu da neće dobiti posao, iako smatraju da nema opravdanog osnova za ovakvu klauzulu.

Reference

Adler, B. (1999). Do Non-compete Agreements Really Protect You? Workforce 78 (12), 48.


Bagchi, A. (2009). The Myth of Equality in the Employment Relation. Faculty Scholarship at Penn Law 256, 579-628.


Berg, J. (2015). Labour markets, Institutions and Inequality. Building Just Socities in the 21st Century. Geneva: International Labour Office.


Blanc-Jouvan, G. (2014). Klauzule koje povređuju slobodu rada: primer klauzule zabrane konkurencije, Radno i socijalno pravo (1), 73 - 86.


Đuričić, J. (2011). Usaglašena praksa i/ili svesni paralelizam na oligopolističkom tržištu. Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Novom Sadu 46 (1), 549–560.


Jovanović, P. (2017). Normativni okvir zaštite moralnog integriteta zaposlenih. Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Novom Sadu 51(4), 1229-1249.


Jovanović, P. (2014). Interesna obeležja radnog odnosa. Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Novom Sadu 47(4), 21-34.


Jovičić, K. (2018). Poslovne tajne: određenje i osnovi zaštite. Strani pravni život 62(1), 7-19. Kesan, J., Hayes, C. (2011). The Law and Policy of Non-Compete Clauses in the United States and Their Implications. Illinois Public Law and Legal Theory Research Papers Series 11(7), 381-404.


Kovačević, Lj. (2021). Zasnivanje radnog odnosa. Beograd: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu.


Kovačević, Lj., Kovács, E. (2019). Change of Employer and Preservation of Employment: Serbian Experience in Light of European Law. Anali Pravnog fakulteta u Beogradu 67(2), 102-127.


Kovačević, Lj. (2016). Valjani razlozi za otkaz ugovora o radu. Beograd: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu.


Kovačević, Lj. (2013). Pravna subordinacija u radnom odnosu i njene granice. Beograd: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu.


Kusovac, V. (2006). Neka pitanja u vezi zabrane konkurencije. Pravo - teorija i praksa 23 (7-8),  21-25.


Morgan, R. (2019). The Why and How of a Non-Compete. Employee Relations Law Journal 45 (3), 49-53.


Obradović, G. (2002). Zabrana konkurencije prema Zakonu o radu. Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Nišu 43, 335-344.


Schmidt, M. (2017). Non-Compete Agreements: Potential Pitfalls under Both Employment and Antitrust Law. Employee Relations Law Journal 43 (1), 63-68.


Šunderić, B. (2001).  Pravo Međunarodne organizacije rada. Beograd: Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu.


Urdarević B., Radulović, Z. (2012). Globalizacija i koncept socijalnih prava. Srpska politička misao (1), 169-186.


Vaheesan, S., Buck, M. (2021). Non-Competes and Other Contracts of Disposession. Michigan State Law Review, Forthcoming, 1-66.


Centar za dostojanstven rad, Ulof Palme centar (2020). Zakon o radu (model). Dostupno na: http://cdrsrbija.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Model-ZoR-finalna-novembar-2020.pdf.


Colvin, C., Shierholz, H. (2019). Noncompete Agreements. Dostupno na: https://www.epi.org/publication/noncompete-agreements/.


Eisenbrei, R. (2016). White House Issues Call to Action on Non-compete Clauses. Dostupno na: https://www.epi.org/blog/white-house-issues-call-to-action-on-non-compete-clauses/


European Parliament. (2002). Answer given by Mr Monti on behalf of the Commission. Dostupno na: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getAllAnswers.do?reference=E-2002-1637&language=SL.


Dunlop, D., Brazil, L. (2019). Getting the Most Out of Non-Competes. Dostupno na: https://iveybusinessjournal.com/getting-the-most-out-of-non-competes/.


Federal Trade Commission. The Antitrust Laws. Dostupno na https://www.ftc.gov/tips-advice/competition-guidance/guide-antitrust-laws/antitrust-laws.


Flanagen, J. (2019). No Exit: Understanding Employee Non-Competes and Identifying Best Practices to Limit Their Overuse. Dostupno na: https://www.acslaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Understanding-Employee-Non-Competes-and-Identifying-Best-Practices-to-Limit-Their-Overuse.pdf.


He, Zhaozhao. (2021). Motivating Inventors: Non-competes, Innovation Value and Efficiency. Dostupno na: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3846964.


Lobel, O. (2019). Non-Competes. Human Capital Policy & Regional Competition. Forthcoming, San Diego Legal Studies Paper No. 19-417. Dostupno na: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3473186.


Marx, M.  (2020). Employee Non-compete Agreements, Gender, and Entrepreneurship. Dostupno na: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3173831.


McAdams, J. (2019). Non-compete Agreements: A Review of the Literature. Dostupno na: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3513639.


OECD (2019). Competition Issues in Labour Markets: Note by Finland. Dostupno na: https://one.oecd.org/document/DAF/COMP/WD(2019)38/en/pdf.


Pavlevski, A., Veselinivoć, A. Klauzule zabrane konkurencije. Dostupno na: https://pavleski-law.rs/radno-pravo/klauzula-zabrane-konkurencije/.


Ranđelović & Partners. (2019). Klauzula zabrane konkurencije u ugovoru o radu. Dostupno na: https://randjelovic.rs/sr/nas-blog/klauzula-zabrane-konkruencije-u-ugovoru-o-radu/.


Ringeling, C., Wright, J., Ginsberg, D., Yun, J., Lipsky, T., (2020). Noncompete Clauses Used in Employment Contracts Comment of the Global Antitrust Institute Ringeling. George Mason Law & Economics Research Paper No. 20-04. Dostupno na: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3534374.


Saulsbery, G. (2021). Restrictive Covenants in the COVID era: Pandemic-related Unemployment Raises Questions about the Enforceability of Non-compete Agreements. Spotlight Employment Law. Dostupno na: https://content.ebscohost.com/ContentServer.asp?T=P&P=AN&K=149164499&S=R&D=bwh&EbscoContent=dGJyMNHX8kSep6840dvuOLCmsEmep7JSrq64SrWWxWXS&ContentCustomer=dGJyMPGqtkivr7JRuePfgeyx43zx.


Savet stranih investitora (2020). Prilog projektu sveobuhvatne reforme propisa. Dostupno na:  https://fic.org.rs/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Radno_pravo.pdf.


Sierra Herrero, A. (2014). La cláusula de no competencia post-contractual en el contrato de trabajo. Dostupno na: https://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-00122014000200004&lng=en&tlng=en.


Starr, E. (2019). The Use, Abuse, and Enforceability of Non-Compete and No-Poach Agreements: A Brief Review of the Theory, Evidence, and Recent Reform Efforts. Economic Innovation Group.


Stojković advokati (2020). Vodič za poslodavce kod ugovaranja zabrane konkurencije u radnom odnosu. Dostupno na: https://statt.rs/sr/vodic-za-poslodavce-kod-ugovaranja-zabrane-konkurencije-u-radnom-odnosu/ .


Tarasewicz, Y. (2010). Drafting and Enforcing Non-compete Agreements in the European Union: The Examples of France, Germany and Italy. Dostupno na: https://www.internationallaborlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2012/10/Drafting-and-Enforcing-non-compete-agreements-in-the-EU.pdf.


Žunić-Marić, T., Lapćević, A. (2020). Klauzula zabrane konkurencije - bolje sprečiti nego lečiti. Dostupno na: nahttps://zuniclaw.com/zabrana-konkurencije/.


Weberndörfer, F. (2017). A Comparison of Laws in Selected EU Jurisdictions Relating to Post-contractual, Non-competition Agreements between Employers and Employees. Dostupno na: https://www.nortonrosefulbright.com/en/knowledge/publications/9807eea3/a-comparison-of-laws-in-selected-eu-jurisdictions-relating-to-post-contractual-non-competition-agreements-between-employers-and-employees.

Objavljeno
2022/08/31
Rubrika
Originalni naučni rad