EFFECT OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION ON THE QUALITY OF BREWER’S SPENT GRAIN AS RUMINANT FEED
Keywords:
brewer’s spent grain, lactic acid, probiotics, ruminant feed.
Abstract
Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) was used in this study as a support for the immobilization of Lactobacillus paracasei NRRL B-4564, thus enabling the recirculation of immobilized biomass in repeated-batch fermentation. The chemical composition and the energy parameters of the fermented and non-fermented BSG were analyzed and compared. Moreover, the probiotic features of L. paracasei were analyzed to examine the possibility of using fermented BSG as a functional ingredient in ruminant diets.
The results obtained indicate that the fermented BSG had significantly higher protein and ash contents, as well as a significantly lower content of fiber fractions. Furthermore, the fermentation process increased the BSG energy content. The analysis of probiotic potential revealed a high tolerance of L. paracasei to pH 2.5 and bovine bile, autoaggregation ability and antimicrobial activity, suggesting that the fermented BSG with immobilized microbial biomass can be used as functional feed in ruminant diets.
References
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Villas-Bôas, S.G., Esposito, E., Mitchell, D.A., 2002. Microbial conversion of lignocellulosic residues for production of animal feeds. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 98 (1-2), 1-12.
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Abe, F., Ishibashi, N., Shimamura, S., 2010. Effect of Administration of Bifidobacteria and Lactic Acid Bacteria to Newborn Calves and Piglets. J. Dairy Sci. 78, 2838–2846.
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official Methods of Analysis, 18th international edition. Methods 923.03, 930.15, 955.04, 960.39. AOAC International, Gaithersburg, MD, 2005.
Arasu, M.V., Kim, D.H., Kim, P. Il, Jung, M.W., Ilavenil, S., Jane, M., Lee, K.D., Al-Dhabi, N.A., Choi, K.C., 2014. In vitro antifungal, probiotic and antioxidant properties of novel Lactobacillus plantarum K46 isolated from fermented sesame leaf. Ann. Microbiol. 64, 1333–1346.
Bendali, F., Madi, N., Sadoun, D., 2011. Beneficial effects of a strain of Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei in Staphylococcus aureus-induced intestinal and colonic injury. Int. J. Infect. Dis. 15, e787–e794.
Cizeikiene, D., Juodeikiene, G., Paskevicius, A., Bartkiene, E., 2013. Antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria against pathogenic and spoilage microorganism isolated from food and their control in wheat bread. Food Control 31, 539–545.
Collado, M.C., Meriluoto, J., Salminen, S., 2008. Adhesion and aggregation properties of probiotic and pathogen strains. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 226, 1065–1073.
Čolović, Dušica, Banjac, V., Rakita, Slađana, Čolović, R., Marjanović-Jeromela, Ana, Vidosavljević, S., Kokić, Bojana, 2018. By-products of black (Brassica Nigra) and white (Sinapis Alba) mustard seed production as animal feed: Possibilities and hazards. J. Process. Energy Agric. 22, 188–191.
National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle: 2001, 7th revised ed. National Academies Press, Washington, 2001.
National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of beef cattle: 1996, 8th revised ed. National Academies Press, Washington, 1996.
Del Re, B., Sgorbati, B., Miglioli, M., Palenzona, D., 2000. Adhesion, autoaggregation and hydrophobicity of 13 strains of Bifidobacterium longum. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 31, 438–442.
Goering HK, Van Soest PJ. Forage fiber analyses: apparatus, reagents, procedures, and some applications. Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture; 1970.
Jacobsen, C.N., Nielsen, V.R., Hayford, A.E., Møller, P.L., Michaelsen, K.F., Paerregaard, A., Sandström, B., Tvede, M., Jakobsen, M., 1999. Screening of probiotic activities of forty-seven strains of Lactobacillus spp. by in vitro techniques and evaluation of the colonization ability of five selected strains in humans. Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 65(11), 4949-4956.
Lema, M., Williams, L., Rao, D.R., 2001. Reduction of fecal shedding of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in lambs by feeding microbial feed supplement. Small Rumin. Res. 39, 31–39.
Li, X., Xu, W., Yang, J., Zhao, H., Pan, C., Ding, X., Zhang, Y., 2016. Effects of applying lactic acid bacteria to the fermentation on a mixture of corn steep liquor and air-dried rice straw. Anim. Nutr. 2, 229–233.
Magnusson, J., Schnurer, J., 2005. Antifungal lactic acid bacteria as bio-preservations. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 16, 70–78.
Mishra, V., Prasad, D.N., 2005. Application of in vitro methods for selection of Lactobacillus casei strains as potential probiotics. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 103, 109–115.
Mladenović, Dragana, Djukić-Vuković, Aleksandra, Radosavljević, M., Pejin, Jelena, Kocić-Tanackov, Sunčica, Mojović, Ljiljana, 2017. Sugar beet pulp as a carrier for Lactobacillus paracasei in lactic acid fermentation of agro-industrial waste. J. Process. Energy Agric. 21, 41–45.
Mottet, A., Haan, C. de, Falcucci, A., Tempio, G., Opio, C., Global, I., Security, F., 2017. Livestock: On our plates or eating at our table? A new analysis of the feed/food debate. Glob. Food Sec. 14, 1–8.
Pérez, P.F., Minnaard, Y., Disalvo, E.A., De Antoni, G.L., 1998. Surface properties of bifidobacterial strains of human origin. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64, 21–26.
Ren, D., Li, C., Qin, Y., Yin, R., Du, S., Ye, F., Liu, C., Liu, H., Wang, M., Li, Y., Sun, Y., Li, X., Tian, M., Jin, N., 2014. Invitro evaluation of the probiotic and functional potential of Lactobacillus strains isolated from fermented food and human intestine. Anaerobe 30, 1–10.
Salami, S.A., Luciano, G., O’Grady, M.N., Biondi, L., Newbold, C.J., Kerry, J.P., Priolo, A., 2019. Sustainability of feeding plant by-products: a review of the implications for ruminant meat production. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 251, 37-55.
Šćiban, Marina, Kukić Dragana, Ivetić Darjana, Prodanović Jelena, Antov Mirjana., 2013. Possibility of using of treated beet shreds from process of bioethanol production for animal feed. J. Process. Energy Agric 17, (3)124-126.
Semenčenko, Valentina, Radosavljević, Milica, Terzić, Dušanka, Milašinović-Šeremešić, Marija, Mojović, Ljiljana, 2014. Dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS) produced from different maize hybrids as animal feed. J. Process. Energy Agric. 18, 80–83.
Shrivastava, B., Jain, K.K., Kalra, A., Kuhad, R.C., 2014. Bioprocessing of wheat straw into nutritionally rich and digested cattle feed. Sci. Rep. 4, 6360.
Tejero-Sariñena, S., Barlow, J., Costabile, A., Gibson, G.R., Rowland, I., 2012. In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of a range of probiotics against pathogens: Evidence for the effects of organic acids. Anaerobe 18, 530–538.
Verón, H.E., Di Risio, H.D., Isla, María Inés, Torres, S., 2017. Isolation and selection of potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria from Opuntia ficus-indica fruits that grow in Northwest Argentina. LWT - Food Sci. Technol. 84, 231–240.
Villas-Bôas, S.G., Esposito, E., Mitchell, D.A., 2002. Microbial conversion of lignocellulosic residues for production of animal feeds. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 98 (1-2), 1-12.
Stover MG, Watson RR, Collier RJ. Pre-and probiotic supplementation in ruminant livestock production. In: Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics: Bioactive Foods in Health Promotion. Elsevier Inc., 2015, pp. 25-36.
Published
2020/06/15
Section
Papers