Procena rizika za suicid u odnosu na strukturu ličnosti kod obolelih od depresije
Sažetak
Uvod. Pitanje suicidalnog rizika i uopšte suicidalnosti predstavlja jedan od najvećih izazova u psihijatrijskoj proceni. Ovo pitanje je praćeno obimnim naučno - istraživačkim stremljinjima u cilju ostvarivanja što preciznije procene suicidalnosti i suicidalnog rizika.
Cilj. Ovo istraživanje ima za cilj validaciju psihopatoloških konstukata ličnosti izolovanih putem MMPI-a (Minesota multifazni inventar ličnosti) i HAM-D (Hamiltonova skala depresivnosti) u odnosu na zabeleženu suicidalnost kod ispitanika. Takođe, ispituje se povezanost standardnih kliničih varijabli, sociodemografskih varijabli i stepena suicidalnosti.
Materijal i metode. Uzorak sačinjavaju pacijenti na stacionarnom lečenju na Klinici za psihijatriju, sa dijagnozma F32 i F33. Podaci su prikupljeni intervjuom, upitničkom metodom i iz zvanične medicinske dokumentacije. Prediktorske varijable predstavljaju skorovi na MMPI-202 i HAM-D-u, standardne kliničke i sociodemografske varijable. Kriterijumske varijable predstavljaju skor na SBQ-R (Upitnik suicidalnih ponašanja), kao mera suicidalnosti, i kategorička varijablja kojom se izražava prisustvo suicidalnih pokušaja u prošlosti. U obradi rezultata korišćene su: deskriptivna statistika, bivarijantna korelacija, regresiona analiza, poređenje aritmetičkih sredina i kanonička diskriminaciona analiza.
Rezultati. Dobijena je pozitivna značajna korelacija između sucidalnosti i skala depresivnosti, paranodnosti, shizofrenije, anksioznosti, socijalne izolacije, psihoastničnosti, kao i broja hospitalizacija. Kao jedini pouzdani prediktor suicidalnosti izdvaja se depresivnost.
Zaključak. Pokazano je da psihopatološki konstrukti izolovani MMPI-em jesu povezani sa suicidalnošću, ipak, zaključuje se da su neophodna dodatna istraživanja u cilju preciznije identifikacije kvaliteta i načina povezanosti koje se ostvaruju između testa i suicidalnosti.
Ključne reči: Suicidalni rizik, depresija, MMPI, HAM-D, faktori ličnosti
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