PSEUDOEKSFOLIJATIVNI GLAUKOM – UVEK AKTUELAN PROBLEM U OFTALMOLOGIJI
Sažetak
Uvod: Pseudoeksfolijativni (PEX) sindrom nije samo bolest oka, već je i opšti poremećaj sa abnormalnom produkcijom i deponovanjem depozita ekstracelularnog matriksa u intra i ekstraokularnim tkivima. Povišen intraokularni pritisak (IOP) u očima sa pseudoeksfolijacijama dovodi do glaukomatoznih oštećenja u toku dužeg vremena i to u većem stepenu nego u očima bez pseudoeksfolijacija. Prognoza je lošija kod pseudoeksfolijativnog (kapsularnog) glaukoma nego kod simpleks glaukoma otvorenog ugla.
Cilj: Cilj ovog rada bio je da ispita prisustvo i učestalost kapsularnog glaukoma u odnosu na druge tipove glaukoma u bolesničkom materijalu u toku mesec dana ambulantnog praćenja i u ukupnom broju glaukomno operisanih bolesnika u protekloj godini.
Materijal i metode: Ispitivanjem je obuhvaćeno 105 pacijenata koji su oftalmološki pregledani na Klinici za očne bolesti Kliničkog centra Srbije u toku novembra 2016. godine. U pregledu su korišćene metode: biomikroskopije, aplanacione tonometrije, kompjuterizovane perimetrije, oftalmoskopije, gonioskopije i Hajdelbergove tomografije retine II (HRT II). Uvidom u operativni protokol, obuhvaćen je uzorak od 346 glaukomno operisanih bolesnika na klinici u periodu od januara do oktobra prošle godine.
Rezultati: Iako je učestalost kapsularnog glaukoma u našem uzorku bila češća kod žena 14 (13,4%) u odnosu na muškarce 11 (10,4%), statistički značajna razlika u odnosu na pol nije zapažena. Rezultati naše studije govore da se binokularni oblik kapsularnog glaukoma javlja 3,7 puta češće od monokularnog oblika kod žena, dok je kod muškaraca binokularni oblik 1,7 puta češći u odnosu na monokularni. Od ukupnog broja operisanih, zastupljenost kapsularnog glaukoma u odnosu na ostale vrste glaukoma iznosila je 94 (27,2%) što ukazuje da je svaki četvrti operisani bolesnik imao dijagnozu kapsularnog glaukoma.
Zaključak: Na osnovu rezultata naše studije, može se zaključiti da je za pacijente sa kapsularnim glaukomom od izuzetnog značaja rana dijagnoza i monitoring prisustva pseudoeksfolijacija u oku kako bi se na vreme omogućilo sprovođenje adekvatnog terapijskog postupka i bolje dugoročne prognoze.
Ključne reči: PEX sindrom, glaukom, učestalost
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