Cirkadijalni sistem: mreža neurona sa suprahijazmatičnim jedrom  na vrhu hijerarhijske organizacije

Olivera P Stanojlović; Nikola B Šutulović

doi:10.5937/mp69-18063

Olivera P Stanojlović Institut za medicinsku fiziologiju, Medicinski fakultet u Beogradu, Visegradska 26/II, 11000 Belgrade
Nikola B Šutulović Institut za medicinsku fiziologiju, Medicinski fakultet u Beogradu, Visegradska 26/II, 11000 Belgrade

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/mp69-18063

Sažetak

Pojave koje se u živom svetu ponavljaju istim redom i u istim vremenskim intervalima nazivaju se biološkim ritmovima. Sve eukariote pokazuju promenu u ispoljavanju genskih (ritam sinteze DNA i RNA, ritam mitoza), biohemijskih (metabolički ritmovi) i fizioloških (ritam sinteze i sekrecije endokrinih hormona, menstrualni ciklus žene, ritmične promene temperature, otkucaji srca, frekvencija disanja ciklus budnost i spavanje, rad i odmor i dr) aktivnosti pojačavajući i smanjujući svoje delovanje kroz cikluse. Generisanje cirkadijalnog oscilatora je bazirano na isprepletanim negativnim povratnim spregama, ekspresiji gena za vreme (eng. clock gene) i translaciji proteina. Pronađeni su geni per i tim (per/tim/tau; dbt) koji kodiraju proteine: per (periodic) i tim (timeless). Ovi proteini se akumuliraju u ćeliji tokom noći i degradiraju tokom dana, osciluju tokom 24-časovnog ciklusa, sinhrono sa cirkadijalnim ritmom. Za ovo otkriče Američki naučnici su dobili Nobelovu nagradu za fiziologiju ili medicinu za 2017 god. Sa izvrsnom preciznošću naš unutrašnji sat reguliše kritične funkcije kao što su ponašanje, nivo hormona, spavanje, temperaturu tela, metabolizam i dr. To je način na koji se prilagođavaju fiziološke funkcije različitim fazama dana, povećavaju aktivnost neurona u suprahijazmatskom jedru (SCN) koji regulišu budnost/STS i kontrolišu endogeni časovnik. Pinealna žlezda je u direktnoj vezi sa endogenim satom i luči hormon melatonin koji proizvodi pospanost. Koncentracija melatonina u krvi je odsutna ili nemerljiva tokom dana. Svetlost, pinealna žlezda i melatonin regulišu ciklus spavanja i svako narušavanje dovodi do disfunkcija.

Ključne reči: biološki ritmovi. endogeni časovnik, pineala žlezda, melatonin

Biografije autora

Olivera P Stanojlović, Institut za medicinsku fiziologiju, Medicinski fakultet u Beogradu, Visegradska 26/II, 11000 Belgrade

Full Professor, Principal Investigator and Head

Nikola B Šutulović, Institut za medicinsku fiziologiju, Medicinski fakultet u Beogradu, Visegradska 26/II, 11000 Belgrade

Saradnik u nastavi

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