STRUKTURNE RETINALNE ABNORMALNOSTI KAO POTENCIJALNI MARKERI ZA POREMEĆAJE IZ PSIHOTIČNOG SPEKTRA
Sažetak
Retinalni neuronski spletovi su jedini deo centralnog nervnog sistema gde se neuroni mogu vizualizovati direktno, in vivo. Tokom poslednjih godina, metode vizualizacije retine su značajno napredovale. Tomografija optičke koherencije je jedna od savremenih metoda koja se često upotrebljava u rutinskoj oftalmološkoj praksi. Danas, ova metoda obezbeđuje visoku preciznost prilikom vizuelizacije retine, omogućavajući “optičku biopsiju” pojedinih retinalnih slojeva. Identifikacija bioloških markera koji imaju dijagnostički ili terapijski značaj za poremećaje iz psihotičnog spektra predstavlja jedan od ključnih zadataka za savremenu nauku. Nedavno, pokazana su umanjenja debljine pojedinih struktura retine u poremećajima iz psihotičnog spektra, poput umanjenja debljine vlakana retinalnog živca, kao i umanjenja debljine sloja retinalnih ganglijskih ćelija. U ovom preglednom članku, najznačajnije studije o strukturalnim izmenama retine u shizofreniji i povezanim poremećajima su sumirane. Zaključeno je da su postojeći dokazi o postojanju strukturalnih promena retine u psihozi kontradiktorni, kako zbog metodoloških razlika u dosadašnjim studijama, tako i usled heterogenosti samog poremećaja.
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