EFFECTS OF COMORBIDITY IN PERSONS WITH MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Sažetak
Comorbidity is one of major patients’ characteristics, together with genetics, age, gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, relevant to the clinical presentation and management of MS. The main goal of investigation of comorbidities in persons with MS is to improve the outcome of the disease and general health of the patients. It is estimated that one in three MS patients is suffering from some physical comorbidity, while more than half of them experience psychiatric comorbidity during course of the disease. Recent systematic reviews revealed that among physical comorbidities, the most prevalent are hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and chronic lung disease, while among psychiatric comorbidities depression and anxiety are the most frequent. Moreover, it was found that the presence of physical comorbidities is associated with the greater risk for occurrence of mental comorbidities. Although physical and mental comorbidities are increasingly recognized as relevant to clinical outcomes, gaps in the understanding of epidemiological aspects of comorbidity in MS still remain. It is clear that several potential benefits can be gained from the study of comorbidities in patients with MS, including improved prognosis, individualized disease management, insights into the etiology and pathogenesis of MS, and new treatment approaches. Natural history studies conducted so far have focused on the prognostic value of clinical characteristics of this disorder, however inclusion of comorbidity information could improve prognosis by explaining heterogeneity in disease outcomes, which would enable clinicians to provide individual patients with better information about the clinical course of their disease and to make informed treatment choices. Early identification and treatment of modifiable comorbid conditions represents a promising point of MS care which could potentially delay development of sustained worsening disability and improve overall quality of life.
Reference
Culpepper WJ. The incidence and prevalence of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2015 Mar; 21(3):261-2.
Marrie RA, Horwitz R. Emerging effects of comorbidities on multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2010 Aug; 9(8):820–28.
Marrie RA, Miller A, Sormani MP, Thompson A, Waubant E, Trojano M, et al; attendees of the International Workshop on Comorbidity in Multiple Sclerosis. Recommendations for observational studies of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2016 Apr; 86(15):1446-53.
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health promotion. Chronic Diseases: The power to Prevent, the Call to Control. Hyattsville, MD: Centers for Disease Control; 2009.
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Centers for Disease Control. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/infographic/nccdphp.htm
Atlas of MS 2013. Multiple Sclerosis International Federation. 2013.
Marrie R, Horwitz R, Cutter G, Tyry T, Campagnolo D, Vollmer T. Comorbidity, socioeconomic status and multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2008 Sep; 14(8):1091-8.
Marrie RA, Cohen J, Stuve O, Trojano M, Sørensen PS, Reingold S, Cutter G, Reider N. A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: overview. Mult Scler. 2015 Mar; 21(3):263-81.
McKay KA, Tremlett H, Fisk JD, Zhang T, Patten SB, Kastrukoff L, et al; CIHR Team in the Epidemiology and Impact of Comorbidity on Multiple Sclerosis. Psychiatric comorbidity is associated with disability progression in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2018 Apr 10; 90(15):e1316-e1323.
Zhang T, Tremlett H, Zhu F, Kingwell E, Fisk JD, Bhan V, et al; CIHR Team in the Epidemiology and Impact of Comorbidity on Multiple Sclerosis. Effects of physical comorbidities on disability progression in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2018 Jan 30;90(5):e419-e427.
Marrie RA. Comorbidity in multiple sclerosis: Past, present and future. Clin Invest Med. 2019 Mar 23;42(1):E5-E12.
Marrie RA, Horwitz RI, Cutter G, Tyry T, Campagnolo D, Vollmer T. Comorbidity delays diagnosis and increases disability at diagnosis in MS. Neurology. 2009 Jan; 72(2):117–24.
Marrie RA, Elliott L, Marriott J, Cossoy M, Tennakoon A, Yu N. Comorbidity increases the risk of hospitalizations in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2015 Jan; 84(4):350-8.
Marrie RA, Rudick R, Horwitz R, Cutter G, Tyry T, Campagnolo D, Vollmer T. Vascular comorbidity is associated with more rapid disability progression in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2010 Mar; 74(13):1041-7.
Marrie RA, Elliott L, Marriott J, Cossoy M, Blanchard J, Leung S, et al. Effect of comorbidity on mortality in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2015 Jul;85(3):240-7.
Valderas JM, Starfield B, Sibbald B, Salisbury C, Roland M. Defining comorbidity: implications for understanding health and health services. Ann Fam Med. 2009 Jul-Aug; 7(4):357-63.
Rhee SH, Hewitt JK, Lessem JM, Stallings MC, Corley RP, Neale MC. The validity of the Neale and Kendler model-fitting approach in examining the etiology of comorbidity. Behav Genet. 2004 May; 34(3):251-65.
Marrie RA, Horwitz R, Cutter G, Tyry T, Campagnolo D, Vollmer T. Comorbidity, socioeconomic status, and multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2008 Sep; 14(8):1091-1098.
Goldman Consensus Group. The Goldman Consensus statement on depression in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2005 Jun; 11(3):328-37. Review.
Scherder R, Kant N, Wolf ET, Pijnenburg B, Scherder EJ. Psychiatric and physical comorbidities and pain in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Pain Res. 2018 Feb 13;11:325-34.
Edwards NC, Munsell M, Menzin J, Phillips AL. Comorbidity in US patients with multiple sclerosis. Patient Relat Outcome Meas. 2018 Feb 13;9:97-102.
Marrie RA, Patten SB, Greenfield J, Svenson LW, Jette N, Tremlett H, et al; for the CIHR Team in the Epidemiology and Impact of Comorbidity on Multiple Sclerosis. Physical comorbidities increase the risk of psychiatric comorbidity in multiple sclerosis. Brain Behav. 2016; 6(9):e00493.
Marrie RA, Walld R, Bolton JM, Sareen J, Walker JR, Patten SB, et al; CIHR Team in Defining the Burden and Managing the Effects of Psychiatric Comorbidity in Chronic Immunoinflammatory Disease. Physical comorbidities increase the risk of psychiatric comorbidity in immune-mediated inflammatory disease. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2018 Mar - Apr;51:71-8.
Hsu CC, Chen SC, Liu CJ, Lu T, Shen CC, Hu YW, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of bipolar disorder: a nationwide population-based study. PLoS One. 2014 Sep; 9(9):e107512.
Marrie RA, Fisk JD, Yu BN, Leung S, Elliott L, Caetano P, et al; CIHR Team in the Epidemiology and Impact of Comorbidity on Multiple Sclerosis. Mental comorbidity and multiple sclerosis: validating administrative data to support population-based surveillance. BMC Neurol. 2013 Feb; 13:16.
Marrie RA, Reingold S, Cohen J, Stuve O, Trojano M, Sorensen PS, et al. The incidence and prevalence of psychiatric disorders in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Mult Scler. 2015 Mar; 21(3):305-17.
Marrie RA, Reider N, Cohen J, Stuve O, Sorensen PS, Cutter G, et al. A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of autoimmune disease in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2015 Mar; 21(3):282-93.
Marrie RA, Reider N, Cohen J, Stuve O, Trojano M, Sorensen PS, et al. A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of cancer in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2015 Mar; 21(3): 294-304.
Marrie RA, Reider N, Cohen J, Trojano M, Sorensen PS, Cutter G, et al. A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of sleep disorders and seizure disorders in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2015 Mar; 21(3):342-9.
Marrie RA, Rudick R, Horwitz R, Cutter G, Tyry T, Campagnolo D, et al. Vascular comorbidity is associated with more rapid disability progression in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2010 Mar; 74:1041–1047.
Murtonen A, Kurki S, Hänninen K, Soilu-Hänninen M, Sumelahti ML. Common comorbidities and survival in MS: Risk for stroke, type 1 diabetes and infections.
Marrie RA, Reider N, Cohen J, Stuve O, Trojano M, Cutter G, et al. A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of cardiac, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular disease in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2015 Mar; 21(3):318-31.
Marrie RA, Reider N, Stuve O, Trojano M, Sorensen PS, Cutter GR, et al. The incidence and prevalence of comorbid gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, ocular, pulmonary, and renal disorders in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Mult Scler. 2015 Mar; 21(3):332-41.
Marrie RA, Reider N, Cohen J, Trojano M, Sorensen PS, Cutter G, et al. A systematic review of the incidence and prevalence of sleep disorders and seizure disorders in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2015 Mar; 21(3):342-9.