PSIHIČKO ZDRAVLJE I PANDEMIJA COVID-19
Sažetak
Psihičko zdravlje i bolest odražavaju bio-psiho-socijalni balans/disbalans i prostiru se u višedimenzionalnom prostoru U aktuelnoj pandemiji celokupan prostor psihičkog zdravlja/bolesti pod povišenim je rizikom od kontaminacije ne samo infektivnim, već i mnogim drugim aspektima ove višeslojne krizne situacije. Postoji najmanje tri mehanizma kojim pandemija COVID-19 može stvoriti psihičke smetnje de novo: 1) Psihološki faktor - povišen stepen emocionalne patnje nakon izrazito jakih traumatičnih događaja ili dugotrajne životne ugroženosti); 2) Socijalni faktor - rizici koji se tiču interakcija sa okruženjem: a) emocionalna deprivacija; b) kognitivna dezintegracija u vezi sa infodemijom; i c) egzistencijalni, najpre ekonomski strahovi koji destabilizuju odnose (u porodici i šire); 3) Biološki faktor - neuropsihijatrijski efekti samog virusa. Pored de novo efekata (iako u suštini oni nisu sasvim „novi“ jer u velikoj meri zavise od individualnih dispozicija), pandemija može uticati i na osobe koje već imaju istoriju psihičkih poremećaja.
Ovaj pregledni rad će predstaviti najvažnije informacija iz relevantnih izvora u vezi sa mentalnim zdravljem i pandemijom COVID-19 koje se odnose uglavnom na prvu godinu izlaganja. Akcenat će biti na istraživanjima koja su privukla pažnu veličinom i reprezentativnošću uzorka, kao i pouzdanom metodologijom, sa ciljem da se ne izgubi iz vida heterogenost efekata pandemije na duševno zdravlje.
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