Učestalost skeletnih anomalija u fetalnim i neonatalnim obdukcijama

Matija Radojević; Katarina Pjevčević; Dunja Putniković; Jovan Jevtić; Ljubica Simić

doi:10.5937/mp72-33517

Matija Radojević Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu
Katarina Pjevčević
Dunja Putniković
Jovan Jevtić
Ljubica Simić

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/mp72-33517

Ključne reči: Skeletne anomalije, fetalne obdukcije, gestaciona nedelja, starost majke, anomalije unutrašnjih organa.

Sažetak

Uvod: Skeletne anomalije su heterogena grupa poremećaja koje uključuju promene u obliku, veličini i gustini kostiju,to prouzrokuje abnormalnosti ekstremiteta, trupa i glave. Nalaze se na drugom mestu u Evropi po učestalosti svih urođenih anomalija. U najčešćekeletne anomalije spadaju anomalije glave, lica i ekstremiteta.

Cilj rada: Cilj ovog rada je bio da se utvrdi učestalost skeletnih anomalija i njihova udruženost sa anomalijama unutrašnjih organa, kao i da se utvrdi korelacija između starosti majke, gestacione nedelje fetusa i skeletnih anomalija.

Materijal i metode: Analizirane su sve fetalne i neonatalne obdukcije u periodu od 1. januara 2018. godine do 31. decembra 2020. godine na Institutu za patologiju „Đorđe Joannović“ Medicinskog fakulteta u Beogradu. U navedenom periodu urađeno je 580 fetalnih i neonatalnih obdukcija. Klinički podaci su dobijeni iz Ginekološko akušerske klinike „Narodni front“ na osnovu popunjenih Zahteva za kliničku obdukciju. Korišćene su metode deskriptivne statistike (podaci su predstavljeni kao apsolutni brojevi i procentualne učestalosti).

Rezultati: Najčešće anomalije skeleta su podeljene u sedam grupa: spina bifida (20; 33,34%), anomalije ekstremiteta (16; 26,67%), anomalije kostiju glave i lica (15; 25%), anomalije zglobova (2; 3,33%), ahondroplazija (3; 5%), osteogenezis imperfekta (2; 3,33%) i druge anomalije (2; 3,33%). Najčešće udružene anomalije bile su anomalije CNS-a, zatim srca i bubrega. Najmlađa majka je imala 15 godina, a najstarija 47 godina. Prosečna starost majki je iznosila 30 godina. ,

Zaključak: U našem istraživanju najčešća anomalija je spina bifida, dok su anomalije ekstremiteta i kraniofacijalne anomalije sledeće po učestalosti. Skeletne anomalije su često bile udružene sa anomalijama srca, bubrega i CNS-a. Pretežno su dijagnostikovane između 22. i 27. gestacione nedelje. Naši rezultati pokazuju da su anomalije skeleta češće kod fetusa odnosno neonatusa majki starijih od 30 godina.

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