MENTALNO ZDRAVLJE NEFORMALNIH NEGOVATELJA
MENTALNO ZDRAVLJE NEFORMALNIH NEGOVATELJA
Sažetak
Savremeno društvo, u kome se demografska slika menja prema sve starijem prosečnom životnom dobu, suočava se sa važnim javnozdravstvenim problemom koji se odnosi na pružanje pomoći starijim i zavisnim osobama. Svakodnevna pomoć obuhvata niz različitih zdravstvenih i socijalnih usluga, kao i pružanje emocionalne podrške osobama koje nisu u stanju da samostalno funkcionišu. Aktivnosti važne za svakodnevno funkcionisanje, poput kupanja, oblačenja, hranjenja, kupovine i kontrole zdravlja samo su deo odgovornosti i obaveza koje „nevidljiva radna snaga“, odnosno neformalni negovatelji, moraju da obezbede. Iako pružanje neformalne nege značajno utiče na ekonomski i zdravstveni status neformalnih negovatelja, oni i dalje ostaju minimalno uključeni u kreiranju javnih politika. Neformalni negovatelj je osoba koja pruža stalnu negu i pomoć bez finansijske nadoknade članovima porodice i osobama u okruženju kojima je potrebna podrška zbog fizičkih, kognitivnih ili mentalnih problema. Depresija je jedan od najčešćih problema sa kojima se suočavaju neformalni negovatelji, a procenjuje se da veliki broj, između 40% i 70% svih neformalnih negovatelja ima simptome depresije. Pandemija KOVID-19 je svakako uticala na fizičko zdravlje, ali obzirom na njeno trajanje, vrši sve veći uticaj i na mentalno zdravlje, a neformalni negovatelji spadaju u posebno ranjivu kategoriju. Neformalni negovatelji, posebno oni koji pružaju dugotrajnu negu članovima porodice, u povećanom su riziku od fizičke i emocionalne iscrpljenosti zbog dodatanog opterećenja pružanja nege u okolnostima nastalim tokom pandemije, smanjene dostupnosti neophodnih usluga, kao i premeštanja mnogih usluga u digitalno okruženje, što dodatno povećava stres i probleme sa mentalnim zdravljem. Dok su neki neformalni negovatelji uspeli da se izbore sa stresom razvojem odbrambenih mehanizama, drugi nisu, a psihološki pritisak je doveo do razvoja simptoma depresije.
Ključne reči: neformalni negovatelj, mentalno zdravlje, KOVID-19
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