DISPLAZIJE LARINKSA, SAVREMENO SHVATANJE
Sažetak
Displazija larinksa je prekancerozna lezija epitela larinksa. Pušenje cegareta i konzumacija alkohola su označeni kao dva najznačajnija etiološka faktora za nastanak displazije larinksa. Smatra se da displazije niskog gradusa imaju manji maligni potencijal, a da displazije viskog gradusa imaju veći potencijal za transfomaciju u skvamocelularni karcinom. Neophodno je na vreme postaviti preciznu dijagnozu da bi se ordinirala odgovarajuća terapija i sprečila transformacija displazije u skvamocelularni karcinom. Makroskopski se displazija larinksa prezentuje na različite načine: kao leukoplakija, eritroleukoplakija, hiperkeratotična lezija, ili kao egzofitna tumorska lezija. Dostupnim laringoskopskim tehnikama nije moguće pouzdano ni preciznozno dijagnostikovati displazuju larinksa. Dijagnoza se postavlja na osnovu patohistološke slike lezije. Postoji nekoliko sistema klasifikacije displazija larinksa koje se koriste u praksi, ali se svaka oslanja na subjektivno tumačenje morfoloških kriterijuma. Za svaku od klasifikacija displazija koje su u opticaju postoji velika varijabilnost među patolozima. Ni u jednom od postojećih klasifikacionih sistema ne postoji jaka povezanost između gradusa i malignog potencijala displazije. Za sada ne postoji ni jedan biološki, nitii genetski marker specifičan za displaziju, ili vrstu displazije larinksa, mada su u novijim studijama identifikovani biomarkeri koji bi se mogli koristiti za određivanje malignog potencijala displazije. Cilj ovog mini pregleda je da pokaže novine u klasifikaciji, etilogiji, patohistološkoj dijagnostici i terapiji displazija epitela larinksa.
Reference
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