Fizička aktivnost tokom trudnoće: benefiti i svetske preporuke
Sažetak
Širom sveta, fizička aktivnost (FA) predstavlja važan preventivni faktor nezaraznih bolesti. Redovna FA doprinosi poboljšanju zdravstvenog stanja kroz poboljšanje mnogih fizioloških, metaboličkih i psiholoških parametara. FA predstavlja posebno važan preduslov zdravlja stanovništva u reproduktivnom periodu, a uže posmatrano, zdravlja trudnica. Poznato je da vežbanje tokom trudnoće pozitivno utiče na zdravlje trudnice, ali i fetusa. Zvanične nacionalne preporuke o FA tokom trudnoće trenutno ne postoje u Srbiji, te se stoga preporučuje praćenje globalnih preporuka. Najvažniji koncenzus je da sve žene, osim onih sa nekim kliničkim ili antenatalnim kontraindikacijama, treba da budu fizički aktivne tokom trudnoće. Smernice su napravljene sa posebnim fokusom na trajanje, učestalost, intezitet i vrstu FA koja se savetuje i/ili koju treba izbegavati, zajedno sa metodama nadzora, a sa definisanim znacima koji pozivaju na prekid određene aktivnosti. Među trudnicama u Srbiji, jednoj od najosetljivijih demografskih grupa, FA nije na adekvatan način implementirana kroz preventivne programe za poboljšanje ukupnog zdravlja ove populacione grupe. Štaviše, u Srbiji sprovedeno je nedovoljno istraživanja o efektima i prednostima vežbanja na trudnoću, a takođe, nema dovoljno dokaza o najefikasnijem metodu savetovanja trudnice tokom celog toka trudnoće. Buduća istraživanja su potrebna za razvoj i promociju programa FA za trudnice, a radi smanjenja komplikacija tokom trudnoće pružanjem specifičnih smernica u vezi sa značajem i prednostima aktivnog načina života tokom trudnoće i praćenjem stavova i ponašanja trudnica. Što se tiče fizioloških promena povezanih sa trudnoćom, umereno fizičko vežbanje tokom trudnoće je zdravo i treba ga promovisati i preporučivati.
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