WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT ADULT MAMMALIAN HIPPOCAMPAL NEUROGENESIS SO FAR?

Rada Jeremic; Sanja Peković; Sanja Dacić; Predrag Brkić

doi:10.5937/mp75-42260

Rada Jeremic Institut za medicinsku fiziologiju "Rihard Burijan"
Sanja Peković Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade
Sanja Dacić Department of General Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biol-ogy, University of Belgrade
Predrag Brkić Institute of Medical Physiology “Richard Burian”, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/mp75-42260

Ključne reči: adultna neurogeneza, hipokampus, dentatni girus, subgranularna zona

Sažetak

Poznato je da mozak odraslih sisara može da stvara nove neurone tokom celog života. Neuralne stem ćelije se nalaze u subgranularnoj zoni dentatnog girusa hipokampusa i subventrikularnoj zoni lateralnih komora mozga. Neuralne stem ćelije u subgranularnoj zoni stvaraju ekscitatorne granularne neurone dentatnog girusa, a u subventrikularnoj zoni nove interneurone koji migriraju u olfaktorni bulbus. Ovaj revijski rad će se fokusirati na karakteristike neurogeneze u hipokampusu kod odraslih sisara. Takođe, pokušaćemo da razmotrimo trenutno poznate činjenice o još uvek aktivnom pitanju o postojanju neurogeneze kod odraslih ljudi. Podaci brojnih studija ukazuju da adultna neurogeneza u dentatnom girusu povećava neuralnu plastičnost. Tip 1 ćelije u dentatnom girusu (radijalne ćelije slične gliji), podležu brzoj deobi i od njih nastaju progenitorske tip 2a i tip 2b ćelije, koje mogu da se umnožavaju i diferenciraju. Tip 2b ćelije postaju neuroblasti (tip 3 ćelije), koji migriraju i sazrevaju u granularne neurone. Prekursori granularnih neurona se mogu identifikovati po lokaciji, morfologiji i ekspresiji različitih markera na njihovoj površini. Uprkos ranijim dokazima koji ukazuju na postojanje adultne neurogeneze kod ljudi, nedavne studije na ovu temu pokazale su kontradiktorne rezultate. Iako je postojanje adultne neurogeneze dokazano u različitim vrstama, još uvek ne znamo da li postoje razlike između vrsta. Uslovi koji su neophodni za pravilan razvoj adultne neurogeneze, kao i faktori koji mogu da utiču na nju, još uvek su neotkriveni i predstavljaće predmet ispitivanja novih studija. Adultna neurogeneza kod ljudi i dalje ostaje otvoreno pitanje.

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ŠTA ZNAMO O ADULTNOJ NEUROGENEZI U HIPOKAMPUSU?

Sažetak

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