PREVALENCIJA INFEKCIJE PARAZITOM TOXOPLASMA GONDII U SVETU I SRBIJI

Milena Blagojević; Tijana  Štajner; Ljiljana  Marković-Denić

doi:10.5937/mp75-42549

Milena Blagojević Dom zdravlja Zvezdara, Beograd
Tijana Štajner Institut za medicinska istraživanja, Institut od nacionalnog značaja za Republiku Srbiju, Univerzitet u Beogradu,
Ljiljana Marković-Denić Institut za epidemiologiju, Medicinski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5937/mp75-42549

Ključne reči: Toxoplasma gondii, prevalencija, Srbija, Evropa, svet

Sažetak

Toksoplazmoza je jedno od najrasprostranjenijih parazitskih oboljenja koje izaziva obligatno intracelularna protozoa Toxoplasma gondii. Procenjuje se da je trećina čovečanstva inficirana ovim parazitom. Kod imunokompetentnih osoba infekcija je uglavnom asimptomatska ili ima blaži klinički tok, ali kod fetusa i imunokompromitovanih osoba infekcija može imati fatalan ishod. Prevalencija infekcije T. gondii se razlikuje kako među različitim državama sveta (od 0,5 do 87,7%), tako i unutar različitih regiona iste države. Na teritoriji Afrike prevalencija toksoplazmoze je najviša, Azije najniža, dok se na tlu Evrope prevalencija toksoplazmoze kreće u rangu od niže na severu kontinenta do umerene na jugu kontinenta. Pad prevalencije infekcije T. gondii u svetu se beleži proteklih nekoliko decenija. U Srbiji je prevalencija toksoplazmoze imala tendenciju rasta od šezdesetih do osamdesetih godina XX veka, da bi nakon tog perioda usledio dramatičan pad kao i na tlu cele Evrope. Najupadljiviji pad prevalencije zabeležen je u periodu od 1988. do 2007. godine u istraživanjima sprovedenim u populaciji žena generativnog doba kada je prevalencija infekcije T. gondii opala sa 86% na 32,5%. Pad prevalencije u Srbiji ostaje kontinuiran i nakon tog perioda kada je u poslednjim rađenim istraživanjima tokom 2017-2018. godine u populaciji davalaca krvi u Beogradu prevalencija infekcije iznosila 20,5%, a u opštoj populaciji Vojvodine tokom perioda od 2008-2021. godine iznosila je 20%. Pored ohrabrujućih epidemioloških podataka koji govore u prilog pada prevalencije infekcije T. gondii kako u svetu tako i kod nas, ipak je neophodno u budućnosti sprovesti dodatna istraživanja u cilju otkrivanja specifičnih faktora rizika koji doprinose smanjenju prokuženosti T. gondii u populaciji.

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