SINDROM IZGARANJA LEKARA NA POSLU: ORGANIZACIONI I INDIVIDUALNI FAKTORI
SINDROM IZGARANJA LEKARA NA POSLU
Sažetak
Sindrom izgaranja predstavlja skup simptoma nastalih u situaciji prolongiranog stresa na radnom mestu, u profesionalno zahtevnim situacijama. Karakterišu ga emocionalna iscrpljenost, depersonalizacija i osećaj smanjenog ličnog postignuća. Svetska zdravstvena organizacija je u 11. reviziji Međunarodne klasifikacije bolesti definisala izgaranje na poslu kao profesionalni fenomen koji utiče na zdravlje. Upitnik Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) jedan je od alata koji se koristi za merenje nivoa izgaranja. Često je kritikovan iz konceptualnih, metodoloških i praktičnih razloga, međutim, smatra se i dalje zlatnim standardom za procenu izgaranja na poslu i koristi se u 88% svih empirijskih studija. Faktori koji doprinose razvoju sindroma izgaranja mogu se podeliti na organizacione i individualne faktore. Specifičnost organizacije rada, kao najkompleksniji spoljašnji faktor, ogleda se u oblikovanju međuljudskih odnosa, postavljanju hijerarhije među zaposlenima, pravovremenom planiranju kadrova i potrebom za stručnim usavršavanjem čime indirektno utiče na stepen izgaranja lekara na poslu. Ako se tome doda i potreba lekara za bavljenjem akademskim radom, propusti u organizaciji rada ovakvog sistema ogledaju se u prekomernom radnom vremenu, devalvaciji nastavnog rada, neodgovarajućem akademskom rangiranju, akumulaciji funkcija izvan nastave, pritiscima za objavljivanje radova i nezadovoljstvu merilima naučnog uspeha. Osobine ličnosti, kao prvi i najvažniji individualni/unutrašnji faktor, specifičnošću svog uticaja mogu prilično ubrzati, odnosno usporiti nastanak sindroma izgaranja na poslu. Veliku ulogu imaju i u činjenju ovog sindroma upečatljivim, kod ekstravertnih osoba i obratno, čineći ga neprepoznatim i prikrivenim kod introvertnih osoba. Time otežavaju registrovanje ovog sindroma i odlažu pružanje pravovremene pomoći. Pojava sindroma izgaranja, koji se razvija kao odgovor na hronični profesionalni stres uz veće mogućnosti za profesionalno usavršavanje, bolju zaradu i uslove rada, kao i viši standardi kvaliteta, presudni su pokretači migracije zdravstvenih radnika, kako u Evropi, tako i kod nas.
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